Improving Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Processes

改进厌氧消化过程的评估

• 批准号: RTI-2020-00501
• 负责人: Edwards, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 10.77万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693636
• 关键词: Improving; Evaluation; Anaerobic; Digestion; Processes

Diverting organic waste from landfills substantially reduces greenhouse gas emissions and leachate production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of liquid and solid organic wastes from municipal, industrial and agricultural sources is a preferred waste management strategy. AD stabilizes the waste and generates biogas that can be used for electricity and heating purposes, or upgraded to renewable natural gas (RNG). The equipment requested in this proposal will provide all trainees associated with BioZone with knowledge and the necessary equipment to quantify biogas production from a wide range of solid and liquid organic residues. The research centres around the use of variations of the well-established Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) and Anaerobic Toxicity Assays (ATA). These two assays continue to be valuable tools to access the potential for biogas production or for inhibition of biogas generation for all kinds of different organic waste material. ******The BMP and ATA methods are prone to uncertainties from repetitive gas volume measurement with syringes from 100-200 mL rubber-stoppered glass bottles. To minimize these errors, and to accommodate real solid wastes with heterogeneous composition and large particle size (e.g. green bin waste), we need to carry out BMP tests in large bottles from 1 to 10 L. Such experiments will be greatly improved with the use of an automated gas measurement system and larger walk-in heated chambers for incubating bottles. Therefore, we are requesting a set of 24 MilliGas counters that will measure the amount of gas produced in a continuous and accurate way. Data acquisition software and a computer are also needed to store and process data from the MilliGas counters. BMP bottles are first prepared inside an anaerobic chamber to minimize oxygen contamination. A gas meter to monitor the H2 and O2 composition inside the chamber is requested to replace a poorly functioning instrument. BMP bottles will be incubated at 37oC or 55oC in the requested small walk-in chamber. Bottles will be sampled regularly for fermentation products, and gas composition, while DNA, RNA or protein will be extracted for microbial community or enzymatic analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding the process under study. ******The equipment requested will support undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, research associates and technicians in our collaborative research centre called BioZone. Highlighted projects include resource recycling and renewable energy production from pulp and paper mills and greenhouse gas emission reduction from landfills in Ontario and Brazil. New AD technology is expected to completely change how mixed organic solid and liquid waste is treated in Canada and around the world. The trainees involved will be well-prepared for future greener waste and wastewater management strategies and the circular economy.**

将有机废物从垃圾填埋场转移可大大减少温室气体排放和渗滤液产生。对来自城市、工业和农业的液体和固体有机废物进行厌氧消化（AD）是首选的废物管理策略。 AD 稳定废物并产生可用于电力和供暖目的的沼气​​，或升级为可再生天然气 (RNG)。本提案中要求的设备将为所有与 BioZone 相关的学员提供知识和必要的设备，以量化各种固体和液体有机残留物的沼气产量。 该研究的重点是使用成熟的生化甲烷潜力 (BMP) 和厌氧毒性测定 (ATA) 的变体。 这两种测定仍然是评估沼气生产潜力或抑制各种不同有机废物产生沼气的宝贵工具。 ******BMP 和 ATA 方法很容易因使用 100-200 mL 橡胶塞玻璃瓶的注射器重复测量气体体积而产生不确定性。为了最大限度地减少这些误差，并适应具有异质成分和大颗粒尺寸的真实固体废物（例如绿箱废物），我们需要在 1 至 10 L 的大瓶子中进行 BMP 测试。通过使用自动气体测量系统和用于培养瓶子的更大步入式加热室，此类实验将得到极大改进。因此，我们需要一套 24 个 MilliGas 计数器，能够连续、准确地测量产生的气体量。还需要数据采集软件和计算机来存储和处理来自 MilliGas 计数器的数据。 BMP 瓶首先在厌氧室内进行准备，以尽量减少氧气污染。需要使用气表来监测室内的 H2 和 O2 成分，以替换功能不良的仪器。 BMP 瓶将在要求的小型步入式室中在 37oC 或 55oC 下孵育。将定期对瓶子进行采样以检测发酵产品和气体成分，同时提取 DNA、RNA 或蛋白质进行微生物群落或酶分析，以全面了解所研究的过程。 ******所需的设备将为我们名为 BioZone 的合作研究中心的本科生和研究生、博士后研究员、研究员和技术人员提供支持。重点项目包括纸浆和造纸厂的资源回收和可再生能源生产，以及安大略省和巴西垃圾填埋场的温室气体减排。新的厌氧消化技术预计将彻底改变加拿大和世界各地混合有机固体和液体废物的处理方式。 参与的学员将为未来的绿色废物和废水管理战略以及循环经济做好充分准备。**