Improving Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Processes

改进厌氧消化过程的评估

• 批准号: RTI-2020-00501
• 负责人: Edwards, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 10.77万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693636
• 关键词: Improving; Evaluation; Anaerobic; Digestion; Processes

Diverting organic waste from landfills substantially reduces greenhouse gas emissions and leachate production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of liquid and solid organic wastes from municipal, industrial and agricultural sources is a preferred waste management strategy. AD stabilizes the waste and generates biogas that can be used for electricity and heating purposes, or upgraded to renewable natural gas (RNG). The equipment requested in this proposal will provide all trainees associated with BioZone with knowledge and the necessary equipment to quantify biogas production from a wide range of solid and liquid organic residues. The research centres around the use of variations of the well-established Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) and Anaerobic Toxicity Assays (ATA). These two assays continue to be valuable tools to access the potential for biogas production or for inhibition of biogas generation for all kinds of different organic waste material. ******The BMP and ATA methods are prone to uncertainties from repetitive gas volume measurement with syringes from 100-200 mL rubber-stoppered glass bottles. To minimize these errors, and to accommodate real solid wastes with heterogeneous composition and large particle size (e.g. green bin waste), we need to carry out BMP tests in large bottles from 1 to 10 L. Such experiments will be greatly improved with the use of an automated gas measurement system and larger walk-in heated chambers for incubating bottles. Therefore, we are requesting a set of 24 MilliGas counters that will measure the amount of gas produced in a continuous and accurate way. Data acquisition software and a computer are also needed to store and process data from the MilliGas counters. BMP bottles are first prepared inside an anaerobic chamber to minimize oxygen contamination. A gas meter to monitor the H2 and O2 composition inside the chamber is requested to replace a poorly functioning instrument. BMP bottles will be incubated at 37oC or 55oC in the requested small walk-in chamber. Bottles will be sampled regularly for fermentation products, and gas composition, while DNA, RNA or protein will be extracted for microbial community or enzymatic analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding the process under study. ******The equipment requested will support undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, research associates and technicians in our collaborative research centre called BioZone. Highlighted projects include resource recycling and renewable energy production from pulp and paper mills and greenhouse gas emission reduction from landfills in Ontario and Brazil. New AD technology is expected to completely change how mixed organic solid and liquid waste is treated in Canada and around the world. The trainees involved will be well-prepared for future greener waste and wastewater management strategies and the circular economy.**

从垃圾填埋场转移有机废物大大减少了温室气体排放和渗滤液的产生。城市、工业和农业来源的液体和固体有机废物的厌氧消化(AD)是一种首选的废物管理策略。AD稳定废物并产生沼气，可用于发电和取暖，或升级为可再生天然气(RNG)。本提案所要求的设备将为与生物区有关的所有受训人员提供知识和必要的设备，以量化各种固体和液体有机残留物的沼气生产。这项研究的中心是使用成熟的生化甲烷潜力(BMP)和厌氧毒性分析(ATA)的变种。这两种化验方法仍然是获取沼气生产潜力或抑制各种不同有机废物产生沼气的宝贵工具。*BMP和ATA方法容易受到100-200毫升橡胶塞玻璃瓶注射器重复测量气体体积的不确定因素的影响。为了最大限度地减少这些误差，并容纳具有不同成分和大颗粒的真实固体废物(例如绿色垃圾箱废物)，我们需要在1到10升的大瓶子中进行BMP测试。通过使用自动气体测量系统和更大的步入式加热室来孵化瓶子，这些实验将得到极大改进。因此，我们要求一套24毫升气体计数器，以连续和准确的方式测量产气量。还需要数据采集软件和计算机来存储和处理MilliGas计数器的数据。BMP瓶首先在厌氧室内准备，以最大限度地减少氧气污染。需要一个气体表来监测燃烧室内的H2和O2成分，以取代功能不佳的仪器。BMP瓶子将在37摄氏度或55摄氏度的要求下在要求的小步入室内孵化。将定期对瓶子进行发酵产品和气体成分的采样，同时提取DNA、RNA或蛋白质进行微生物群落或酶分析，以全面了解正在研究的过程。*所需设备将支持我们名为BioZone的合作研究中心的本科生和研究生、博士后研究员、研究助理和技术人员。重点项目包括从纸浆和造纸厂回收资源和生产可再生能源，以及减少安大略省和巴西垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放。新的AD技术有望彻底改变加拿大和世界各地处理混合有机、固体和液体废物的方式。学员将为未来更环保的废物和废水管理策略以及循环经济做好充分准备。**