Improving Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion Processes

改进厌氧消化过程的评估

• 批准号: RTI-2020-00501
• 负责人: Edwards, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 10.77万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693636
• 关键词: Improving; Evaluation; Anaerobic; Digestion; Processes

Diverting organic waste from landfills substantially reduces greenhouse gas emissions and leachate production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of liquid and solid organic wastes from municipal, industrial and agricultural sources is a preferred waste management strategy. AD stabilizes the waste and generates biogas that can be used for electricity and heating purposes, or upgraded to renewable natural gas (RNG). The equipment requested in this proposal will provide all trainees associated with BioZone with knowledge and the necessary equipment to quantify biogas production from a wide range of solid and liquid organic residues. The research centres around the use of variations of the well-established Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) and Anaerobic Toxicity Assays (ATA). These two assays continue to be valuable tools to access the potential for biogas production or for inhibition of biogas generation for all kinds of different organic waste material. ******The BMP and ATA methods are prone to uncertainties from repetitive gas volume measurement with syringes from 100-200 mL rubber-stoppered glass bottles. To minimize these errors, and to accommodate real solid wastes with heterogeneous composition and large particle size (e.g. green bin waste), we need to carry out BMP tests in large bottles from 1 to 10 L. Such experiments will be greatly improved with the use of an automated gas measurement system and larger walk-in heated chambers for incubating bottles. Therefore, we are requesting a set of 24 MilliGas counters that will measure the amount of gas produced in a continuous and accurate way. Data acquisition software and a computer are also needed to store and process data from the MilliGas counters. BMP bottles are first prepared inside an anaerobic chamber to minimize oxygen contamination. A gas meter to monitor the H2 and O2 composition inside the chamber is requested to replace a poorly functioning instrument. BMP bottles will be incubated at 37oC or 55oC in the requested small walk-in chamber. Bottles will be sampled regularly for fermentation products, and gas composition, while DNA, RNA or protein will be extracted for microbial community or enzymatic analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding the process under study. ******The equipment requested will support undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, research associates and technicians in our collaborative research centre called BioZone. Highlighted projects include resource recycling and renewable energy production from pulp and paper mills and greenhouse gas emission reduction from landfills in Ontario and Brazil. New AD technology is expected to completely change how mixed organic solid and liquid waste is treated in Canada and around the world. The trainees involved will be well-prepared for future greener waste and wastewater management strategies and the circular economy.**

从填埋场转移有机废物可大大减少温室气体排放和沥滤液的产生。来自城市、工业和农业来源的液体和固体有机废物的厌氧消化（AD）是优选的废物管理策略。AD稳定废物并产生沼气，可用于电力和供暖目的，或升级为可再生天然气（RNG）。本建议书中要求的设备将为所有与生物区有关的受训人员提供知识和必要的设备，以量化各种固体和液体有机残留物的沼气生产。 研究中心围绕使用完善的生化甲烷潜力（BMP）和厌氧毒性试验（ATA）的变化。 这两种分析仍然是有价值的工具，以获得沼气生产的潜力或抑制沼气产生的各种不同的有机废物材料。 ** BMP和ATA方法容易因使用注射器从100-200 mL橡胶塞玻璃瓶中重复测量气体体积而产生不确定性。为了尽量减少这些误差，并适应成分不均匀和颗粒尺寸较大的真实的固体废物（例如绿色垃圾），我们需要在1至10 L的大瓶子中进行BMP测试。使用自动气体测量系统和更大的用于培养瓶的步入式加热室将大大改善此类实验。因此，我们要求一套24 MilliGas计数器，以连续和准确的方式测量产生的气体量。还需要数据采集软件和计算机来存储和处理来自MilliGas计数器的数据。BMP瓶首先在厌氧室内制备，以最大限度地减少氧气污染。需要一个气体仪表来监测室内的H2和O2成分，以取代功能不良的仪器。BMP培养瓶将在37 ℃或55 ℃下在要求的小型步入式培养箱中培养。将定期对瓶进行取样，以检测发酵产物和气体成分，同时提取DNA、RNA或蛋白质进行微生物群落或酶分析，以全面了解研究过程。****** 所要求的设备将支持本科生和研究生，博士后研究员，研究助理和技术人员在我们的合作研究中心称为生物区。重点项目包括纸浆和造纸米尔斯的资源回收和可再生能源生产，以及安大略省和巴西垃圾填埋场的温室气体减排。新的AD技术预计将彻底改变加拿大和世界各地处理混合有机固体和液体废物的方式。 参与培训的学员将为未来更环保的废物和废水管理战略以及循环经济做好充分准备。