New solid electrolyte architecture for lithium metal based battery

我们为期三年的项目旨在开发用于电动汽车(EVS)和 使用金属锂作为负极，具有高能量密度和长期稳定性的便携技术 电极。金属锂具有最高的理论容量(3860 mA/g)，是一种理想的负极材料 最低电化学电位(-3.04V vs NHE)。然而，它还没有被广泛应用于商业领域。 由于它具有很高的化学反应活性而被广泛应用。在使用标准液体电解液的电池循环过程中 液体电解液可能会降解，从而限制电池的寿命。此外，一些不均衡性 在沉积金属锂的过程中，固体电解质界面的不稳定会导致不受控制的枝晶形成。 这种副反应可能会导致电池出现危险的短路。一种基于金属氧化物的固体电解液 陶瓷作为锂离子导体的物理屏障可以解决这一挑战。首先，我们将探索新的固体 用可加热(最高可达)的热压方法合成快离子陶瓷固体电解质 1500℃)，并压制(高达25吨/厘米)前驱体，同时获得高密度的固体电解质 小药丸。同时，我们将研究新的化学(例如，溶液点滴沉积)和物理 方法(例如金属溅射)可以保护锂金属免受可能的副反应与我们的新 材料。然后我们将通过混合不同的正极材料来制备新的高密度复合材料(首先 标准LiFePO4和高能LiNiMnCoO2)和新型高温陶瓷固体电解质 机器。这些新的三明治状复合材料将在全电池中进行测试，使用受保护的金属锂作为 负极。电池将进行优化，以便在室温下运行。最后我们会 研究一种新型陶瓷聚合物，它将使电池变得灵活。

Our three year project aims to develop new all-solid-state batteries to be used in electrical vehicles (EVs) and portable technologies with high energy density and long term stability, by using lithium metal as negative electrode. Metallic lithium is an ideal anode material since it has the highest theoretical capacity (3860 mA/g) and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs NHE). However, it is not yet widely used in commercial applications due to its high chemical reactivity. During battery cycling using standard liquid electrolyte the liquid electrolyte may degrade, thereby limiting the lifetime of the battery. In addition, some inhomogeneities of solid electrolyte interface can cause uncontrolled dendrite formation during the deposition of lithium metal. This side reaction can be the cause of dangerous short-circuits for the battery. A solid electrolyte based on a ceramic as lithium ionic conductor physical barrier may address this challenge. First we will explore new solid state synthesis of superionic ceramic solid electrolytes by using a hot-press method that is able to heat (up to 1500° C) and press (up to 25 tons/cm2) the precursors, at the same time obtaining highly dense solid electrolyte pellets. In parallel we will investigate new chemical (e.g. solution drop-by-drop deposition) and physical methods (e.g. metal sputtering) that can protect lithium metal from possible side reactions with our new materials. Then we will prepare new highly dense composites by mixing different cathode materials (at first standard LiFePO4 and high energy LiNiMnCoO2) and new superionic ceramic solid electrolytes in a hot press machine. These new sandwich like composites will be tested in a full cell using protected lithium metal as negative electrode. The batteries will be optimized for operation at room temperature. Finally we will investigate a new class of polymer-in-ceramic which will make the battery flexible.