Evolution and development of skeletal patterning

骨骼图案的进化和发展

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06724
• 负责人: Larsson, Hans
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710372
• 关键词: Evolution; development; skeletal; patterning

The research program will examine the developmental and evolutionary biology of the vertebrate skeleton across large scale evolutionary transitions. Specifically, it will explore the interplay between developmental and evolutionary integration and variation in the skeleton across the fish to tetrapod and dinosaur to bird transitions using quantitative methods of shape description and gene expression. The two transitions are chosen because of their rich fossil record and wealth of developmental biology of relevant extant species. A set of complimentary projects are designed to bridge a broad interdisciplinary program that researches a spectrum from genetic evolution, to developmental mechanics, to biological imaging and quantitative phenomics, to evolutionary patterns, rates, and variation. Research will focus on the development and evolution of paired appendages (fins and limbs) and the axial column (spine and tail). Both have undergone dramatic evolutionary changes across the fish-tetrapod and dinosaur-bird transitions and are expected to have had equally dramatic developmental changes. The first phase of projects will reconstruct the evolutionary changes of these anatomies across these two transitions. This will be done by adding qualitative and quantitative data to existing datasets to estimate rates and types of anatomical evolution at these transitions. The second phase will image the skeletal development (from undifferentiated mesenchyme, to condensations, to chondrified, and then ossified bone) of the endoskeleton of these two anatomical regions in extant embryos of selected fishes, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, and birds. This imaging will make intensive use soft tissue imaging with a new nano-focus micro CT machine under my supervision recently awarded in a CFI Innovation Fund (PI: Vogel, An integrated quantitative biology initiative [IQBI]). The third phase will test for genetic and epigenetic (environmental) control of early stages of skeletal patterning in these regions. Some results are expected to highlight developmental switch points that may be associated with rapid rates of evolutionary change whereas others may highlight developmental conservation. This research will derive a working model of skeletal development and evolution. The results will have application to our understanding of how biological systems evolve and how developmental biology influences large scale evolutionary change. Other applications are the development of an efficient work flow for imaging, quantifying, and comparing anatomical data. This has enormous implications for objectively estimating evolutionary relationships, describing developmental variation, and medical imaging.

该研究计划将研究脊椎动物骨骼在大规模进化过渡中的发育和进化生物学。具体而言，它将使用定量的形状描述和基因表达的定量方法探索跨鱼与四足动物和恐龙的骨骼之间的相互作用，以及骨骼的变化与鸟类的变化。之所以选择这两个过渡，是因为它们具有丰富的化石记录和相关现有物种的大量发育生物学。一组免费项目旨在桥接一个广泛的跨学科计划，该计划研究了从遗传进化到发育力学，生物成像和定量现象学，再到进化模式，速率和变异的频谱。 研究将侧重于配对附属物（鳍和四肢）和轴向柱（脊柱和尾巴）的发展和演变。两者都经历了鱼类四足动物和恐龙鸟过渡的巨大进化变化，预计将发生同样的发育变化。项目的第一阶段将重建这些解剖学在这两个过渡中的进化变化。这将通过将定性和定量数据添加到现有数据集中以估计这些过渡时的解剖学演变的速率和类型来完成。第二阶段将对这两个解剖区域的内骨骨骼的骨骼发育（从未分化的间充质，到凝结，软骨骨化，然后是骨化骨），这些区域在现有的胚胎，两栖鱼类，两栖动物，两栖动物，哺乳动物，狂热者和鸟类的现有胚胎中。这种成像将通过我最近在CFI创新基金中授予的负责的新纳米对象微型CT机器（PI：Vogel，一项综合定量生物学计划[IQBI]）中进行大量使用软组织成像。第三阶段将测试这些地区骨骼模式的早期阶段的遗传和表观遗传（环境）。预计某些结果将突出显示可能与进化变化速度快速相关的发展开关点，而其他结果可能会突出发展。 这项研究将得出骨骼发育和进化的工作模型。结果将应用我们对生物系统如何发展以及发育生物学如何影响大规模进化变化的理解。其他应用程序是开发有效的工作流，用于成像，量化和比较解剖学数据。这对客观估计进化关系，描述发展变化和医学成像具有巨大的影响。