Investigations and Applications of Non-Conventional Energetic Materials

非常规含能材料的研究与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06905
• 负责人: Loiseau, Jason
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Royal Military College of Canada
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713047
• 关键词: Investigations; Applications; Non; Conventional; Energetic

The behaviour of heterogeneous high explosives (HHEs) at engineering scales is governed by the quantity and type of heterogeneous inclusions in the HE. Examples of HHEs include: explosives containing large fractions of dense, inert particles (steel or tungsten), or mixtures which react at the interface between fuel and oxidizer phases. HHEs are the primary type of explosive used in mining and civilian blasting, and are increasingly important in military ordnance. While the extreme conditions encountered in explosions are outside everyday experience, understanding phenomena associated with detonation and explosion of HHEs is critical to their safe, effective, and efficient use. The engineering output of explosives used in mining and civil engineering applications is indirectly felt by all citizens through consumption of material goods and use of public infrastructure. The proposed research program focuses on four sub topics that investigate the behaviour of HHEs at different scales of effect: 1) Impact initiation of HHEs: Impact by a high velocity projectile transmits a shock wave into the impacted material. If the material is energetic, chemical reaction will occur, possibly resulting in transition from fast burning to detonation. Explosive initiation by projectile impact is quantified by the shock pressure and volume of explosive material that is shocked with little curvature of the shock front. The presence of large fractions of heterogeneities modifies the sensitivity to shock, such that more of the shock front may produce detonation. Experimental ballistic impact tests are required to extend existing scaling laws to HHEs. 2) Detonation structure of HHEs: Ideal explosives detonate with a structure known as the Zel'dovichvon NeumannDöring (ZND) detonation: a strong inert shock that initiates chemical reaction, which progresses for a discrete amount of time and then stops. Solid explosive is converted into high temperature, high pressure gas that accelerates to sonic and then supersonic velocities soon after reaction completes. The large quantity and extreme mismatch of heterogeneities in HHEs can modify the detonation structure. Experimental measurements will be performed using time resolved free surface velocity measurement and impedance matching. 3) Modelling of particles in donation product flow: A critical factor governing the ability of HHEs to accelerate material is the energy transferred between the gaseous detonation products and solid particles in the flow. Multiphase simulations will be performed to elucidate this transfer. 4) Blast from HHEs: The presence of particles in the blast generated by an HHE historically complicated measurement of the impulse imparted at a distance from the charge. Novel laser velocimetry and spectroscopy techniques permit measurement of the complete impulse and enable correlation with exothermic reaction of the particles in air.

非均质高能炸药在工程尺度上的性能取决于炸药中非均质夹杂物的数量和类型。HHE的示例包括：含有大量致密惰性颗粒（钢或钨）或在燃料和氧化剂相之间的界面处反应的混合物的炸药。HHE是采矿和民用爆破中使用的主要炸药类型，在军用军械中也越来越重要。虽然爆炸中遇到的极端条件超出了日常经验，但了解与HHE的爆炸和爆炸相关的现象对于其安全，有效和高效使用至关重要。采矿和土木工程应用中使用的炸药的工程产出通过物质产品的消费和公共基础设施的使用而间接地为所有公民所感受。拟议的研究计划侧重于四个子主题，调查HHE在不同效应尺度下的行为： 1)HHE的冲击引发：高速射弹的冲击将冲击波传递到受冲击的材料中。如果材料是高能的，将发生化学反应，可能导致从快速燃烧到爆炸的转变。弹丸冲击起爆是通过冲击波压力和冲击波前沿曲率很小的爆炸材料的体积来量化的。大部分非均匀性的存在改变了对激波的敏感性，使得更多的激波阵面可能产生爆震。需要进行实验弹道冲击测试，以将现有的比例定律扩展到HHE。 2)HHE的爆轰结构：理想的爆炸物以一种称为Zel'dovichvon NeumannDöring（ZND）爆炸的结构引爆：一种强烈的惰性冲击，引发化学反应，该反应进行一段离散的时间，然后停止。固体炸药被转化为高温高压气体，在反应完成后很快加速到音速，然后是超音速。高爆轰波中大量的非均匀性和极高的非匹配性可以改变爆轰波的结构。将使用时间分辨自由表面速度测量和阻抗匹配进行实验测量。 3)捐赠产品流中颗粒的建模：决定HHE加速材料能力的关键因素是气流中气态爆轰产物和固体颗粒之间传递的能量。将进行多相模拟以阐明这种转移。 4)来自HHE的爆炸：HHE产生的爆炸中存在颗粒，这使得在距离装药一定距离处施加的冲量的测量变得复杂。新的激光测速和光谱技术允许测量完整的脉冲，并使相关的放热反应的颗粒在空气中。