Computational Engineering of Bio-inspired Hierarchical Surfaces and Multi-functional Materials based on the Plywood Architecture

在进化过程中，大自然优化了结构， 散装材料和表面的功能。开发了具有优化润湿性的功能分级表面（lotus 树叶）、减阻（鲨鱼皮）和结构色（郁金香）。分层 结构（骨头，昆虫的外表皮，象牙）的发展，以形成光 重量结构具有卓越的无与伦比的机械性能。大自然的材料 工程学依靠很少的化学元素来生产功能性的、适应性的、反应灵敏的， 自修复和结构材料，在水环境中形成，在低温下 和环境压力，使用基于自组装和自组织的处理方法。 为了应对能源方面的挑战， 环境、交通和卫生部门， 材料创新，生物启发材料创新方法借鉴 大自然如何生产具有无与伦比功能的材料和表面。第二个创新驱动力是集成计算 材料工程，依靠科学理论，严格的工艺建模和高性能 通过访问Compute Canada资源进行计算。本研究整合了这两个创新驱动因素，重点是 无处不在的胶合板纤维建筑通过大自然无与伦比的复合材料发现。 使用液晶模型展示胶合板组织，我们试图预测 并表征具有结构颜色和阻力的分层表面 减少功能。形成角膜样组织的过程， 骨中发现的螺旋状骨，将被预测和优化， 功能。 该提案的新奇在于制定、实施和验证了一项 材料的设计方法，仍然接近自然的工程，作为一个起点，类似 软物质前体和新的自组装机制。 前体基于纤维素和蛋白质，自组装考虑了重要的过程，如质量传递，排除体积，弹性和手性，如在自然界中发现的。 结果是 集成材料制造方法，系统地连接工艺-结构-功能 允许光学、摩擦学和机械的加速优化 胶合板的功能 在自然界的纤维复合材料中发现的结构。 尖端软物质 材料科学应用于真实的绿色工程制造具有直接、 加拿大的丰富资源和各种软利益及时相关 物质材料前体（即纤维素，甲壳素），正在开发中， 政府/学术界/工业研究实验室。独特的协同效应， 基础科学、工程技术、高性能计算、跨学科方法和 国际合作使学生能够发展高度重视的技能， 先进结构材料、多功能材料和生物材料的科学与技术。

Through the course of evolution, Nature has optimized the structure and functionalities of bulk materials and surfaces. Functional hierarchical surfaces were developed with optimized wettability (lotus leaf), drag reduction (sharkskin), and structural colors (tulips). Hierarchical structures (bone, insect's exocuticle, tusk) were developed to form light weight structures with outstanding unrivaled mechanical properties. Nature's materials engineering relies on few chemical elements to produce functional, adaptive, responsive, self-healing and structural materials , formed in water environments, at low temperature and ambient pressure, using processing methods based on self-assembly and self-organization. To meet the challenges in energy, environment, transportation, and health sectors through materials innovations, the bio-inspired materials innovation method learns from Nature how to produce materials and surfaces with unrivaled functionalities. A second innovation driver is integrated computational materials engineering, relying on science-based theory, rigorous process modeling, and high performance computing trough access to Compute Canada resources. This research integrates these two innovation drivers focusing on the ubiquitous plywood fiber architecture found through Nature's unrivaled composites. Using liquid crystal models exhibiting plywood organization we seek to predict and characterize hierarchical surfaces that have structural color and drag reduction functionalities. Processes that lead to cornea-like tissues and helical plywoods found in bone, will be predicted and optimized for mechanical functionalities. The novelty of this proposal is the formulation, implementation and validation of a materials' design method that remains close to Nature's engineering by using as a starting point similar soft matter precursors and novel self-assembly mechanisms. The precursors are based on cellulose and proteins and the self-assembly takes into account important processes such as mass transfer, excluded volume, elasticity and chirality, as found in Nature. The outcome is an integrated materials fabrication method , systematically linking process-structure-functionalities permitting accelerated optimization of optical,tribological, and mechanical functionalities derived from the plywood architecture found throughout Nature's fibrous composites. Cutting-edge soft matter materials science applied to real green engineering manufacturing has direct, timely relevance for Canada's vast resources and wide interests in various soft matter material precursors (i.e. cellulosics, chitin), being developed in government/academia/industry research laboratories. The unique synergies of fundamental science, engineering technology, high performance computing , interdisciplinary approaches and international collaborations enable students to develop highly-valued skills in the science and technology of advanced structural and multi functional materials and biological materials.