Computational Engineering of Bio-inspired Hierarchical Surfaces and Multi-functional Materials based on the Plywood Architecture

在进化的过程中，大自然优化了大宗材料和表面的结构和功能。功能分层表面的开发具有优化的润湿性(荷叶)、减阻(鲨鱼皮)和结构颜色(郁金香)。层次化结构(骨骼、昆虫外皮、象牙)被开发成具有卓越机械性能的轻质结构。自然界的材料*工程依赖于极少的化学元素来生产功能性、适应性、响应性、自我修复和结构材料，这些材料是在低温和环境压力下在水环境中形成的，使用基于自组装和自组织的加工方法。为了通过材料创新应对能源、环境、交通和卫生领域的挑战，受生物启发的材料创新方法向*大自然学习如何生产具有无与伦比功能的材料和表面。第二个创新驱动力是集成计算*材料工程，它依赖于基于科学的理论、严格的过程建模和通过访问加拿大计算资源而获得的高性能*计算。这项研究整合了这两个创新驱动力，重点是*通过大自然无与伦比的复合材料发现的无处不在的胶合板纤维结构。*使用展示胶合板结构的液晶模型，我们试图预测*并表征具有结构颜色和减阻*功能的分层表面。将预测和优化在骨骼中发现的角膜状组织和螺旋胶合板的形成过程，并针对机械功能进行优化。*这项提议的新颖之处在于，通过使用类似的软物质前体和新颖的自组装机制作为起点，制定、实施和验证了一种*材料的设计方法，该方法仍然接近自然的工程设计。前体是以纤维素和蛋白质为基础的，自组装考虑了重要的过程，如传质、排除体积、弹性和手性，就像在自然中发现的那样。其成果是一种*集成的材料制造方法，系统地将工艺-结构-功能*联系在一起，允许加速优化源自大自然纤维复合材料中的胶合板*结构的光学、摩擦学和机械*功能。*尖端软物质*材料科学应用于真正的绿色工程制造与加拿大的巨大资源和对*政府/学术界/工业研究实验室正在开发的各种软*物质前体(即纤维素类、甲壳素)的广泛兴趣具有直接、*及时的相关性。基础科学、工程技术、高性能计算、跨学科方法和国际合作的独特协同效应使学生能够发展*先进结构和多功能材料以及生物材料的科学和技术方面的高度重视的技能。

Through the course of evolution, Nature has optimized the structure and*functionalities of bulk materials and surfaces. Functional hierarchical surfaces were developed with optimized wettability (lotus*leaf), drag reduction (sharkskin), and structural colors (tulips). Hierarchical*structures (bone, insect's exocuticle, tusk) were developed to form light*weight structures with outstanding unrivaled mechanical properties. Nature's materials*engineering relies on few chemical elements to produce functional, adaptive, responsive,*self-healing and structural materials , formed in water environments, at low temperature*and ambient pressure, using processing methods based on self-assembly and self-organization. To meet the challenges in energy,*environment, transportation, and health sectors through*materials innovations, the bio-inspired materials innovation method learns from*Nature how to produce materials and surfaces with unrivaled functionalities. A second innovation driver is integrated computational*materials engineering, relying on science-based theory, rigorous process modeling, and high performance*computing trough access to Compute Canada resources. This research integrates these two innovation drivers focusing on*the ubiquitous plywood fiber architecture found through Nature's unrivaled composites.*Using liquid crystal models exhibiting plywood organization we seek to predict*and characterize hierarchical surfaces that have structural color and drag*reduction functionalities. Processes that lead to cornea-like tissues and*helical plywoods found in bone, will be predicted and optimized for mechanical*functionalities.******The novelty of this proposal is the formulation, implementation and validation of a*materials' design method that remains close to Nature's engineering by using as a starting point similar*soft matter precursors and novel self-assembly mechanisms. The precursors are based on cellulose and proteins and the self-assembly takes into account important processes such as mass transfer, excluded volume, elasticity and chirality, as found in Nature. The outcome is an*integrated materials fabrication method , systematically linking process-structure-functionalities*permitting accelerated optimization of optical,tribological, and mechanical*functionalities derived from the plywood*architecture found throughout Nature's fibrous composites.******Cutting-edge soft matter*materials science applied to real green engineering manufacturing has direct,*timely relevance for Canada's vast resources and wide interests in various soft*matter material precursors (i.e. cellulosics, chitin), being developed in*government/academia/industry research laboratories. The unique synergies of*fundamental science, engineering technology, high performance computing , interdisciplinary approaches and*international collaborations enable students to develop highly-valued skills in*the science and technology of advanced structural and multi functional materials and biological materials.