Development of Genetic Models and Exploration Criteria for Gem and Pegmatite Deposits

宝石矿床是迷人的，因为生产它们所需的地质条件是特殊的。我研究了许多类型的宝石矿床，但伟晶岩特别有趣，因为它们也生产战略元素（如锂和钽）。我还研究绿柱石及其宝石品种（祖母绿和红色宝石绿柱石）和硼硅酸盐矿物，因为它们可以告诉我们许多伟晶岩是如何形成的。在过去的六年里，我和我的学生们调查了加拿大的许多宝石产地。在巴芬岛，我们研究了蓝宝石矿床，发现它们是由三个连续的变质反应形成的，寻找新矿床的最佳地点靠近逆冲断层。在努纳武特的其他地方，我们开始了对阿努里祖母绿的研究。在不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC），我们研究了一处红宝石和粉色蓝宝石，并了解到这些宝石是在大理石硅酸盐层中的白云母变质高峰形成的。在西北地区（NWT），我们确认了llened祖母绿的赋存与岩浆作用有关，并且发现了更有价值的哥伦比亚型祖母绿矿床的潜力。此外，在西北地区，我们已经开始研究与O'Grady岩基相关的含宝石电气石伟晶岩岩脉的起源。在犹他州，我们正在研究红色宝石绿柱石的起源；这激发了对绿柱石晶体化学的全面研究。硼硅酸盐矿物的研究也在进行中。我的长期愿景是帮助加拿大发展有色宝石产业；我的研究计划通过确定这些矿床的形成方式以及如何进行新发现来推进这一愿景。我的短期目标是：(1)根据已知的矿床建立矿床模型。(2)制定并测试各类宝石矿床的勘查标准。(3)确定水的来源和水分子与绿柱石中钠的关系的性质，确定绿柱石的稳定性极限。(4)利用硼硅酸盐矿物中的硼同位素扩展我们对地球过程的理解。定义萨海-哈克尔岩系列的新物种和控制其对称性和稳定性。证明一个地方拥有有色宝石资源对社区来说将是革命性的。彩色宝石开采的优势在于，该行业可以在许多规模上发展，从个人收集毛坯到大规模开采，而且它比其他采矿对环境的影响更小。此外，国际上承认加拿大北部的这种资源将加强加拿大的主权。我将培养一支由10多名高素质人才组成的多元化队伍。我将意识到通过无意识偏见培训和针对代表性不足群体的指导计划等方法，使用公平和包容的招聘和指导实践。我的学生通过实地和实验室工作学习到宝贵的技能，并期望在毕业时发表至少一篇科学论文。

Gem deposits are fascinating because the geological conditions needed to produce them are exceptional. I study many types of gem deposits, but pegmatites are particularly interesting because they also produce strategic elements (such as lithium and tantalum). I also study beryl and its gem varietals (emerald and red gem beryl) and borosilicate minerals because they can tell us much about how pegmatites form. Over the past six years my students and I have investigated many gem occurrences in Canada. On Baffin Island we studied sapphire deposits and discovered that they formed by three sequential metamorphic reactions and that the best place to look for new occurrences is close to a thrust fault. Elsewhere in Nunavut (NU), we initiated research on the Anuri emerald occurrence. In British Columbia (BC) we studied a ruby and pink sapphire occurrence and learned that the gems formed at peak metamorphism from muscovite in silicate layers in marble. In the Northwest Territories (NWT) we confirmed that the Lened emerald occurrence is related to magmatic processes and that there is potential for the more valuable Colombian-type emerald deposits. Also in the NWT we have begun studying the origin of gem-tourmaline-bearing pegmatite dikes associated with the O'Grady batholith. In Utah we are studying the origin of red gem beryl; this inspired a comprehensive study of the crystal chemistry of beryl. A study of borosilicate minerals is also in progress. My long-term vision is to help develop a coloured gem industry in Canada; my research program advances this vision by determining how these deposits form and therefore how to make new discoveries. My short-term objectives are to: (1)Develop deposit models from the known occurrences. (2)Develop and test exploration criteria for each type of gem deposit. (3)Determine the origin of the water and the nature of the relationship between water molecules and sodium in beryl and to define the stability limits of beryl. (4)Use boron isotopes in borosilicate minerals to expand our understanding of Earth processes. Define new species and controls on the symmetry and stability of the sakhaite-harkerite series. Proof that a locality has a coloured gem resource would be transformative for communities. Advantages of coloured gem mining are that the industry can be developed on many scales, from the individual who collects rough to large-scale mining, and that it has less environmental impact than other mining. In addition, international recognition of such a resource in northern Canada would strengthen Canadian sovereignty. I will train a diverse group of 10+ highly qualified personnel. I will be conscious of using equitable and inclusive recruitment and mentoring practices through methods such as unconscious bias training and mentoring programs for underrepresented groups. My students learn valuable skills through both field and lab work and are expected to graduate having published at least one scientific paper.