The effects of pain and fatigue on regulation of exercise performance

疼痛和疲劳对运动表现调节的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-07075
• 负责人: Aboodarda, SaiedJalal
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741273
• 关键词: effects; pain; fatigue; regulation; exercise

Fatigue and pain perceived during intensive exercise has long been associated with a transient reduction in exercise tolerance. These perceptual responses have been attributed to an interplay of several physiological and psychological factors among which activation of mechano- and metabo-sensitive group III/IV muscle afferents are well recognized. In addition to conscious sensation of fatigue and pain, activation of group III/IV sensory afferents has been shown to be critical for regulation of neuromuscular (NM) and cardiovascular (CV) responses. However, little is known about how NM, CV, and perceptual responses integrate to determine exercise tolerance. To study the impact of group III/IV sensory feedback responses on exercise tolerance, previous literature has mainly focused on the application of pharmacological agents (e.g., aspirin and caffeine); however, less attention has been paid to potential analgesic effects of exercise on fatigue and pain modulation. Indeed, exposure to exercises approaching the maximal pain tolerance, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to mitigate perceptual responses to exercise. Thus, the long-term objective of my research program is to explore how acute and chronic physiological and perceptual mechanisms integrate to determine exercise tolerance. In striving to meet this objective, my short-term objectives are to: 1.Explore pain tolerance and its relationship with NM, CV and perceptual responses to a fatiguing exercise in individuals with different training backgrounds; 2.Study the effect of different exercise interventions, specifically high intensity interval training (HIIT), on acute and chronic physiological and perceptual responses determining exercise tolerance; 3.Investigate the acute and chronic effects of exercise interventions on central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) responses using transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli, and neuroimaging techniques such as functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Experimental protocols in my research program will be carried out on an innovative custom-built recumbent cycle ergometer that facilitates the post-fatigue NM evaluation within a second. The NM measurements will include a series of maximal and submaximal isometric knee extensions superimposed with transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli (to assess NM performance and corticospinal excitability/inhibition); CV assessments will include mean arterial pressure, heart rate, gas-exchange and ventilation; and perceptual responses will include rating of perceived exertion, arousal, general fatigue, and pain. Better understanding the integration between NM, CV and perceptual determinants of exercise tolerance throughout a series of cross-sectional and training studies proposed in my research program will generate new knowledge for the development of non-pharmacological methods to improve exercise performance.

长期以来，在高强度运动中感受到的疲劳和疼痛与运动耐受性的短暂降低有关。这些知觉反应归因于几个生理和心理因素的相互作用，其中机械和代谢敏感的III/IV组肌肉传入神经的激活是公认的。除了疲劳和疼痛的有意识感觉外，III/IV组感觉传入神经的激活已被证明对神经肌肉（NM）和心血管（CV）反应的调节至关重要。然而，对于NM、CV和知觉反应如何综合决定运动耐量，我们知之甚少。为了研究III/IV组感觉反馈反应对运动耐量的影响，以往的文献主要集中在药物的应用上（如阿司匹林和咖啡因）；然而，很少有人关注运动对疲劳和疼痛调节的潜在镇痛作用。事实上，暴露在接近最大疼痛耐受性的运动中，如高强度间歇训练（HIIT），已被证明可以减轻对运动的感知反应。因此，我的研究计划的长期目标是探索急性和慢性生理和知觉机制如何整合来决定运动耐量。在努力实现这个目标的过程中，我的短期目标是：探讨不同训练背景的个体对疲劳运动的疼痛耐受性及其与NM、CV和知觉反应的关系；2.研究不同运动干预，特别是高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对决定运动耐量的急性和慢性生理和知觉反应的影响；3.利用经颅磁刺激和电刺激以及功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）等神经成像技术，研究运动干预对中枢神经系统（脑和脊髓）反应的急性和慢性影响。在我的研究计划中，实验协议将在一种创新的定制卧式循环劳力计上进行，该劳力计有助于在一秒钟内对疲劳后的NM进行评估。NM测量将包括一系列最大和次最大等距膝关节伸展，叠加经颅磁刺激和电刺激（以评估NM表现和皮质脊髓兴奋性/抑制）；CV评估将包括平均动脉压、心率、气体交换和通气；知觉反应将包括对知觉活动、觉醒、一般疲劳和疼痛的评分。在我的研究项目中提出的一系列横断面和训练研究中，更好地理解NM、CV和运动耐量的感知决定因素之间的整合，将为开发改善运动表现的非药物方法提供新知识。