High Efficiency X-ray Macroscope for Imaging of Musculoskeletal Development and Aging at the Canadian Light Source Synchrotron

加拿大光源(CLS)同步加速器用于肌肉骨骼(MSK)发育和老化成像的高效率X射线宏镜将是一种定制的光学仪器，可在大视场范围内以高分辨率(8-15微米)优化成像质量和速度/效率。显微镜将放置在CLS的生物医学成像和治疗(BMIT)设施中，我们多样化的国家队的所有成员和CLS的所有用户都可以使用它。MSK系统的发展和老化是BMIT十多年来一直关注的研究重点。显微镜是更新老化设备、利用新技术发展、增加实验吞吐量、提高成像速度和质量以及最具创新性地减少体内动物成像辐射剂量的关键工具。该显微镜将推动MSK研究的进步，推动生物医学成像的极限，填补组织学和传统3D成像模式之间具有挑战性的利基市场，从而创建以前不可行的新探索途径。我们团队的协作交织研究计划收集了三个主题：先进的同步辐射成像技术、组织级MSK成像和体内动态MSK成像。先进技术将采取一项关键创新的形式，在BMIT通过查普曼光束扩展实施。一个更大的束流，克服了传统同步加速器束流高度(毫米尺度)的限制，将极大地提高研究包括骨骼和关节在内的大目标的实验吞吐量。束扩张与朱开发的快速螺旋扫描相结合，将提供前所未有的大视场同步辐射成像(厘米尺度)，而宏观是实现这一潜力的关键。更大的视野将意味着改进的体外组织水平成像，推进骨骼(Cooper、Andronowski、Arnason、Willmore、Panahiar)、颅面和牙齿发育(Boughner)、软骨和相关工程组织结构(EAMES)等方面的研究。BMIT的设施是世界上为数不多的能够对活体动物成像的同步加速器设施之一，而显微成像将对体内成像产生最大的影响--体内成像从根本上受到辐射剂量的限制。宏镜提高的剂量效率将使更好的图像质量和多时间点实验设计能够动态跟踪骨重建，以探索支持骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和阿片诱导性骨丢失(Cooper、Andronowski、Arnason、Panahiar)的机制以及骨软骨组织工程构造(EAMES)的整合。通过放置在CLS，国家和国际用户将有机会通过开放的同行审查程序接触到宏观范围。因此，宏观将维持和提高CLS的世界领先地位，使尖端研究成为可能，并提供无与伦比的培训机会。

The High Efficiency X-ray Macroscope for Imaging of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Development and Aging at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) Synchrotron will be a custom-built, optical instrument which optimizes imaging quality and speed/efficiency at high resolution (8-15 µm) across a large field of view. The macroscope will be housed at the BioMedical Imaging and Therapy (BMIT) facility of the CLS, where it will be accessible by all members of our diverse national team, and all CLS users. Development and aging of the MSK system are key research foci for BMIT spanning its operations for over a decade now. The macroscope is a critical tool that renews aging equipment, capitalizes on new technology developments, increases experimental throughput, improves imaging speed and quality and, most innovatively, reduces radiation dose for in vivo animal imaging. The macroscope will enable advances for MSK research which push the limits of biomedical imaging, filling the challenging niche between histology and conventional 3D imaging modalities and thereby creating new avenues of inquiry not previously feasible. The collaborative interwoven research programs of our team are collected within three Themes: Advancing Synchrotron Imaging Technology, Tissue-Level MSK Imaging and Dynamic in vivo MSK Imaging. Advancing Technology will take the form of a key innovation being implemented at BMIT by Chapman - beam expansion. A larger beam, overcoming the limited height (mm in scale) of conventional synchrotron beams, will greatly improve experimental throughput for the study of large targets including bones and joints. Beam expansion, combined with rapid helical scanning being developed by Zhu, will provide unprecedented, large field of view synchrotron imaging (cm in scale) and the macroscope is vital to realize this potential. Larger field of view will mean improved ex vivo Tissue-Level imaging, advancing study of bone (Cooper, Andronowski, Arnason, Willmore, Panahifar), craniofacial and dental development (Boughner), cartilage and related engineered tissue constructs (Eames), among others. The BMIT facility is one of only a handful of synchrotron facilities worldwide with the capacity to image live animals and the macroscope will have its greatest impact on in vivo imaging - which is fundamentally limited by radiation dose. The improved dose efficiency the macroscope will enable better image quality and multi-time point experimental designs for dynamic tracking of bone remodeling to probe mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and opioid-induced bone loss (Cooper, Andronowski, Arnason, Panahifar) and the integration of osteochondral tissue engineering constructs (Eames). Through placement at the CLS, national and international users will have access to the macroscope via an open peer-review process. The macroscope will thus sustain and enhance the world leading status of the CLS, enable cutting-edge research, and confer unparalleled training opportunities.