Human Impacts on Wildlife / Impacts de l'activité humaine sur la faune

人类对野生动物的影响 / Impacts de lactività© humaine sur la faune

• 批准号: CRC-2021-00486
• 负责人: Pelletier, Fanie
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Canada Research Chairs
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744970
• 关键词: Human; Impacts; Wildlife; de; activit

The human footprint on our planet is increasing at an unprecedented rate and several wild populations are affected by human-driven environmental changes such as climate changes, habitat destruction and overharvest. The long-term goal of the CRC on Human impacts on wildlife is to evaluate how human activities affect natural selection in the wild and to measure the consequences of these novel selective pressures on the ecology and evolution of wild animals. Several studies have documented phenotypic response to current unprecedented fast rates of anthropogenic environmental changes. Phenotypic differences between individuals can affect their fitness and mean vital rates and it has recently been shown that changes in trait distribution can affect population growth rate. Although population dynamics have interested demographers and ecologists for at least two centuries, very few quantitative empirical examples illustrating the importance of genetically based phenotypic effects on population growth are available. We thus know little about the relative contribution of ecological and evolutionary processes (i.e., change in the mean population phenotype over time) to population dynamics, despite their fundamental importance for conservation, natural resource management and evolutionary demography. Over the next seven years, building upon our previous findings and internationally recognized expertise, research in my group will focus on three axes to understand, estimate and forecast the human impact on wildlife and will expand along three key interconnected axes: 1) evaluate whether animals can adapt to human-driven climate and other environmental changes, 2) quantify the effect of human-driven trait changes on the vital rates that drive population dynamics and 3) apply new predictive eco-evolutionary framework to forecast the consequences of human activities on animal wild populations. To achieve these objectives, my research team will exploit exceptionally detailed data from long-term longitudinal studies (19-50 years) of vertebrates (brown bears, bighorn sheep, tree swallows, harbour seals). My program will provide major advances to forecast the consequences of both genetic and phenotypic trait changes on population dynamics. Through these advances, I will prepare numerous highly qualified personnel for relevant positions in biological conservation, resource management, and academia.

我们星球上的人足迹正在以前所未有的速度增加，几个野生人群受到人为驱动的环境变化的影响，例如气候变化，栖息地破坏和过度拨款。 CRC对人类对野生动植物的影响的长期目标是评估人类活动如何影响野外的自然选择，并衡量这些新颖的选择性压力对野生动物的生态和进化的后果。几项研究记录了对当前空前的人为环境变化快速速率的反应。个体之间的表型差异会影响其适应性和平均生命率，最近已经表明，性状分布的变化会影响人口增长率。尽管人口动态具有感兴趣的人口统计学家和生态学家至少两个世纪，但很少有定量的经验实例说明基于遗传的表型对人口增长的重要性。因此，我们对生态和进化过程的相对贡献（即，随着时间的流逝，平均种群表型的变化）对人口动态的相对贡献，尽管它们对保护，自然资源管理和进化人质人群的基本重要性。在接下来的七年中，在我们以前的发现和国际公认的专业知识的基础上，我小组的研究将集中在三个轴上，以理解，估计和预测人类对野生动植物的影响，并将沿三个关键相互联系的轴扩展：1）评估动物可以适应人类驱动的气候和其他环境变化，以量化人类驱动的人类驱动器的效应，2）生态进化框架，以预测人类活动对动物野生人群的后果。为了实现这些目标，我的研究团队将利用长期纵向研究（19 - 50年）的脊椎动物（棕熊，大角羊，树枝，燕子，港口海豹）的特殊详细数据。我的计划将提供重大进步，以预测遗传和表型性状变化对人口动态的后果。通过这些进步，我将为许多高素质的人员准备生物保护，资源管理和学术界的相关职位。