Eco-evolutionary dynamics of large vertebrate populations - Dynamique éco-évolutive de populations de grands vertébrés

大型脊椎动物种群的生态进化动力学 - Dynamique éco-évolutive de Pops de grands vertébrés

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05405
• 负责人: Pelletier, Fanie
• 金额: $ 5.41万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713663
• 关键词: Eco; evolutionary; dynamics; large; vertebrate

The long-term goal of my program is to document and ultimately forecast the consequences of both genetic and phenotypic trait changes on population dynamics in general, and particularly in species exploited by humans. To do so, my group and I seek to understand how intraspecific genetic and phenotypic diversity shape ecological and evolutionary processes in wild populations. Several studies have documented phenotypic response to current unprecedentedly fast rates of anthropogenic environmental changes. Phenotypic differences between individuals can affect their fitness and mean vital rates and it has recently been shown that changes in trait distribution can affect population growth rate. Although population dynamics have interested demographers and ecologists for at least two centuries, very few quantitative empirical examples illustrating the importance of genetically-based phenotypic effects on population growth are available. We thus know little about the relative contribution of ecological and evolutionary processes (i.e., change in mean population phenotype over time) to population dynamics, despite their fundamental importance for conservation, natural resource management and evolutionary demography. Over the next five years, my students and I will expand our work to three interconnected shorter-term objectives: I) Document how current spatio-temporal variation in ecological factors that affects trait evolution and population dynamics; II) Evaluate how past selection influences future evolutionary potential; III) Develop and apply eco-evolutionary models to forecast the effect of plastic and evolutionary trait changes on population dynamics. To achieve these objectives, my research team will exploit exceptionally detailed data from long-term longitudinal studies (9-200 years) of vertebrates (brown bears, bighorn sheep, tree swallows, humans). My program will provide major advances to forecast the consequences of both genetic and phenotypic trait changes on population dynamics. Through these advances, I will prepare numerous highly qualified personnel for relevant positions in biological conservation, resource management, and academia.

我的计划的长期目标是记录并最终预测遗传和表型特征变化对总体种群动态的影响，特别是在被人类利用的物种中。为此，我和我的团队试图了解种内遗传和表型多样性如何塑造野生种群的生态和进化过程。一些研究已经记录了对当前人类环境变化前所未有的快速速度的表型反应。个体之间的表型差异会影响它们的适合度和平均生命率，最近的研究表明，性状分布的变化会影响种群增长率。尽管人口动力学至少两个世纪以来一直吸引着人口学家和生态学家的兴趣，但很少有定量的实证例子来说明基于遗传的表型效应对人口增长的重要性。因此，我们对生态和进化过程(即平均种群表型随时间的变化)对种群动态的相对贡献知之甚少，尽管它们对保护、自然资源管理和进化人口学具有根本重要性。在接下来的五年里，我和我的学生们将把我们的工作扩展到三个相互关联的短期目标：i)记录当前生态因素的时空变化如何影响特征进化和种群动态；ii)评估过去的选择如何影响未来的进化潜力；iii)开发和应用生态进化模型来预测塑料和进化特征变化对种群动态的影响。为了实现这些目标，我的研究团队将利用脊椎动物(棕熊、大角羊、树燕、人类)的长期纵向研究(9-200年)中异常详细的数据。我的计划将在预测遗传和表型性状变化对种群动态的影响方面取得重大进展。通过这些进展，我将为生物保护、资源管理和学术界的相关职位培养大量高素质的人才。