Evolutionary demography of wild populations. Démographie évolutive des populations sauvages.

野生种群的进化人口统计学。

• 批准号: 355492-2013
• 负责人: Pelletier, Fanie
• 金额: $ 3.06万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631711
• 关键词: Evolutionary; demography; wild; populations.; mographie

My long-term research program explores how natural and anthropogenic ecological variation, leads to changes in genotype, phenotype, life history, and population size. My group and I seek to understand how these changes affect evolutionary processes in wild populations. Several studies have documented phenotypic response to current unprecedentedly fast rates of anthropogenic environmental change. Phenotypic differences between individuals can affect their fitness and mean vital rates and it has been recently shown that changes in trait distribution can affect population growth rate. Although population dynamics have interested demographers and ecologists for at least two centuries, very few quantitative empirical examples illustrating the importance of genetically-based phenotypic effects on population growth are available. We thus know little about the relative contribution of ecological and evolutionary processes (i.e., change in mean population phenotype over time) to population dynamics, despite their fundamental importance for conservation, natural resource management and evolutionary demography. Over the next five years, my students and I will focus on three main research themes: I) Identify the ecological, social and demographic mechanisms that produce variation in individual fitness and mean vital rates. II) Investigate the consequences of environmental variation on the opportunity for and strength of selection acting on quantitative traits. III) Quantify the relative importance of ecology and evolution in generating population dynamics. To achieve these objectives my research team will exploit exceptionally detailed field data from long term longitudinal studies (9-40 years) of marked vertebrates (brown bears, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, tree swallows). My program will provide major advances in our understanding of the interplay between short and long-term consequences of spatio-temporal environmental variability (natural and anthropogenic) on individual life-histories, population dynamics, and evolutionary processes. Through these advances I will prepare numerous highly qualified personnel for relevant positions in biological conservation, resource management, and academia.

我的长期研究计划探索自然和人为生态变化如何导致基因型，表型，生活史和种群大小的变化。我和我的团队试图了解这些变化如何影响野生种群的进化过程。几项研究已经记录了对当前前所未有的快速人为环境变化的表型反应。个体间的表型差异会影响个体的适合度和平均生命率，最近有研究表明性状分布的变化会影响种群的生长率。尽管人口动态至少在两个世纪前就引起了人口学家和生态学家的兴趣，但很少有定量的实证例子可以说明基于基因的表型效应对人口增长的重要性。因此，我们对生态和进化过程（即平均种群表型随时间的变化）对种群动态的相对贡献知之甚少，尽管它们对保护、自然资源管理和进化人口学具有重要意义。在接下来的五年里，我和我的学生将集中在三个主要的研究主题上：1)确定产生个体适应性和平均生命率变化的生态、社会和人口机制。II)研究环境变化对数量性状的选择机会和选择强度的影响。量化生态学和进化在产生种群动态方面的相对重要性。为了实现这些目标，我的研究小组将从长期（9-40年）的有标记脊椎动物（棕熊、大角羊、山羊、树燕）的纵向研究中获取非常详细的实地数据。我的项目将为我们理解时空环境变化（自然的和人为的）对个体生活史、种群动态和进化过程的短期和长期影响之间的相互作用提供重大进展。通过这些进步，我将为生物保护、资源管理和学术界的相关职位培养大量高素质人才。