Deconstructing the ecology of aquatic soundscapes to mitigate the effects of noise pollution on marine species

解构水生声景生态以减轻噪音污染对海洋物种的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03288
• 负责人: Juanes, Francis
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745753
• 关键词: Deconstructing; ecology; aquatic; soundscapes; mitigate

Sound is a fundamental component of the sensory environment of many aquatic animals. Despite its importance, the effects of noise on aquatic organisms, particularly fishes, is not well studied nor is underwater noise regulated by Canadian federal or provincial legislation. By conducting comprehensive analyses of the different components of the soundscape (physical, biological, noise), we aim to bridge the knowledge gap and provide ecosystem-level information in difficult to sample aquatic environments. As the world has got noisier, the range and intensity of underwater anthropogenic noise continues to increase. Intense short-term noise can permanently alter auditory thresholds and lead to mortality for some organisms, while long-term chronic noise such as that produced by vessels, can lead to physiological and behavioural changes. Noise pollution can also mask environmental cues, vocalizations, or dampen the ability to hear conspecifics, prey or predators. My work will develop systems to provide quantitative descriptions of marine soundscapes and use our results to better understand the effects of noise on sound production and behaviour of aquatic organisms. The long-term goal of my research program is to develop a predictive theoretical and empirical framework for understanding the fitness consequences of natural and human-induced changes to the acoustic environment of aquatic organisms. The results from these studies will inform policies to protect and mitigate the impacts of noise pollution on marine species. My short-term objectives include quantifying the known soniferous fish species to better understand taxonomic and geographic distribution patterns; developing inexpensive, novel, long-term, field-based methodological and statistical tools to localize and automatically detect vocalizing species; and quantifying and modeling the effects of noise on fish ecology in natural systems. Recent bioacoustics work in my lab has focused on auditioning fish species, quantifying soundscapes, and modeling the effects of noise. We have expanded the library of known fish vocalizations by recording fishes in their natural environment, in field-based net pens, and in laboratory conditions. We have also used Passive Acoustic Monitoring to detect invasive species and to provide early warning of such invasions. Validation of fish and invertebrate sounds in the field is critical to understand soundscapes. As such we are developing ways to integrate information from visual and acoustic sources simultaneously and are using these multi-sensory techniques to quantify local soundscapes including the recently discovered sponge reefs in BC; deep-sea soundscapes as measured using underwater observatories; and characterizing the soundscape of the intertidal zone as dominated by the highly vocal plainfin midshipman. We have completed the first global meta-analyses revealing evidence of strong negative effects on behaviour and physiology of fish and invertebrates.

声音是许多水生动物感官环境的基本组成部分。尽管噪音很重要，但它对水生生物，特别是鱼类的影响并没有得到很好的研究，加拿大联邦或省立法也没有对水下噪音进行管制。通过对声景的不同组成部分（物理、生物、噪声）进行综合分析，我们旨在弥合知识差距，并在难以采样的水生环境中提供生态系统级信息。随着世界变得越来越嘈杂，水下人为噪声的范围和强度不断增加。强烈的短期噪音可以永久性地改变听觉阈值，导致某些生物死亡，而长期的慢性噪音，如血管产生的噪音，可以导致生理和行为变化。噪音污染还可以掩盖环境线索、发声，或削弱听到同种动物、猎物或捕食者的能力。我的工作将开发系统来提供海洋声景的定量描述，并利用我们的结果更好地理解噪音对声音产生和水生生物行为的影响。我的研究计划的长期目标是开发一个预测性的理论和经验框架，以理解自然和人为引起的水生生物声环境变化的适应性后果。这些研究的结果将为保护和减轻噪音污染对海洋物种的影响的政策提供参考。我的短期目标包括量化已知的有刺鱼类物种，以更好地了解分类和地理分布模式；开发廉价的、新颖的、长期的、基于实地的方法和统计工具来定位和自动检测发声物种；对自然系统中噪声对鱼类生态的影响进行量化和建模。在我的实验室里，最近的生物声学工作主要集中在对鱼类进行试听，对声景进行量化，并对噪音的影响进行建模。我们通过记录鱼类在自然环境、野外网栏和实验室条件下的发声，扩大了已知鱼类发声库。我们还使用被动声学监测来检测入侵物种，并提供此类入侵的早期预警。在野外验证鱼类和无脊椎动物的声音对于理解声景至关重要。因此，我们正在开发同时整合视觉和声源信息的方法，并使用这些多感官技术来量化当地的声景，包括最近在不列颠哥伦比亚省发现的海绵珊瑚礁；利用水下观测站测量的深海声景；并将潮间带的音景描述为由声音嘹亮的普通海军军官候补生主导。我们已经完成了第一个全球荟萃分析，揭示了对鱼类和无脊椎动物的行为和生理产生强烈负面影响的证据。