Is sound production by deep sea fishes widespread?

深海鱼类的发声现象是否普遍存在？

• 批准号: 418670-2012
• 负责人: Juanes, Francis
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=506847
• 关键词: sound; production; deep; sea; fishes

Many fishes use sound for communication. Sound as a mode of communication in a dark environment may be particularly important in deep-sea fishes because it can travel long distances and is directional. We contend that the role of the underwater soundscape and the importance of biological sound production to deep sea ecosystems are critically in need of study because the deep sea soundscape is particularly vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic noise while at the same time the ecosystem is being subjected to increasing pressures from resource users. That sound production likely plays an important role in the ecology of deep sea fishes was suggested over 50 years ago by Nelson Marshall who examined the anatomy of many groups of deep sea fishes and found sound producing organs to be present in a wide range of fishes. Yet to date his hypothesis of widespread sound production in deep-sea fishes has not been tested. Our study proposes to formally test the hypothesis by conducting the first passive acoustics survey focused on deep-sea fish sound production. We will deploy hydrophones using VENUS and NEPTUNE, cabled seafloor observing systems connected to shore via fiber optic cables, to collect deep-sea fish sounds. Combining passive acoustic instruments with other observation modalities such as underwater video and active acoustics can provide valuable additional information on sound source identity, behavior, and habitat characteristics.

许多鱼用声音交流。在黑暗的环境中，声音作为一种交流方式，对深海鱼类来说可能特别重要，因为它可以传播很长的距离，而且是有方向性的。我们认为，水下声景的作用和生物发声对深海生态系统的重要性亟需研究，因为深海声景特别容易受到日益增加的人为噪音的影响，而与此同时，生态系统正受到来自资源使用者的日益增加的压力。50多年前，纳尔逊（Nelson）马歇尔（Marshall）提出声音产生可能在深海鱼类的生态学中起着重要作用，他检查了许多深海鱼类的解剖学，并发现声音产生器官存在于各种鱼类中。 然而，到目前为止，他关于深海鱼类广泛发声的假设还没有得到验证。我们的研究建议正式测试的假设进行第一次被动声学调查，重点是深海鱼类的声音生产。我们将使用VENUS和NEPTUNE部署水听器，通过光纤电缆连接到海岸的海底观测系统，以收集深海鱼的声音。将被动声学仪器与其他观测方式（如水下视频和主动声学）相结合，可以提供有关声源身份、行为和栖息地特征的宝贵信息。