Is sound production by deep sea fishes widespread?

深海鱼类的发声现象是否普遍存在？

• 批准号: 418670-2012
• 负责人: Juanes, Francis
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=506847
• 关键词: sound; production; deep; sea; fishes

Many fishes use sound for communication. Sound as a mode of communication in a dark environment may be particularly important in deep-sea fishes because it can travel long distances and is directional. We contend that the role of the underwater soundscape and the importance of biological sound production to deep sea ecosystems are critically in need of study because the deep sea soundscape is particularly vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic noise while at the same time the ecosystem is being subjected to increasing pressures from resource users. That sound production likely plays an important role in the ecology of deep sea fishes was suggested over 50 years ago by Nelson Marshall who examined the anatomy of many groups of deep sea fishes and found sound producing organs to be present in a wide range of fishes. Yet to date his hypothesis of widespread sound production in deep-sea fishes has not been tested. Our study proposes to formally test the hypothesis by conducting the first passive acoustics survey focused on deep-sea fish sound production. We will deploy hydrophones using VENUS and NEPTUNE, cabled seafloor observing systems connected to shore via fiber optic cables, to collect deep-sea fish sounds. Combining passive acoustic instruments with other observation modalities such as underwater video and active acoustics can provide valuable additional information on sound source identity, behavior, and habitat characteristics.

许多鱼利用声音进行交流。声音作为黑暗环境中的一种交流方式，对深海鱼类来说可能特别重要，因为它可以远距离传播，而且是方向性的。我们认为，迫切需要研究水下声景的作用和生物声音产生对深海生态系统的重要性，因为深海声景特别容易受到越来越多的人为噪声的影响，同时生态系统正受到来自资源使用者的越来越大的压力。50多年前，纳尔逊·马歇尔提出声音产生可能在深海鱼类生态中发挥重要作用，他研究了许多深海鱼类的解剖结构，发现发声器官存在于广泛的鱼类中。然而，到目前为止，他关于深海鱼类普遍发声的假说还没有得到验证。我们的研究建议通过进行第一次以深海鱼类发声为重点的被动声学调查来正式检验这一假说。我们将部署使用金星和海王星的水听器，这些海底观测系统通过光缆连接到海岸，以收集深海鱼类的声音。将被动声仪器与水下视频和主动声学等其他观测方式相结合，可以提供关于声源身份、行为和栖息地特征的有价值的附加信息。