The energy-based and feature tracking motion systems and their interactions

基于能量和特征跟踪的运动系统及其相互作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04844
• 负责人: Allard, Rémy
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=761877
• 关键词: energy; based; feature; tracking; motion

Motion perception is undeniably crucial for many daily activities such as walking in a crowded environment, practicing a sport, crossing a street and driving. However, motion perception is complex. It is now well established that the visual system relies on two fundamentally different strategies to process motion, but the relative contribution of these two motion systems is still elusive. The current research program will investigate the underlying processes of motion perception to elucidate how the two motion systems interact. The central approach of this research program consists in developing novel psychophysical paradigms (i.e., non-invasive functional tests) to investigate the underlying factors affecting motion contrast sensitivity. Indeed, motion perception depends on many processing levels from the absorption of light by photoreceptors to neural processing in the cortex, and many factors along this path can affect the ability to perceive motion. These new psychophysical paradigms will be useful to precisely characterize the motion processes, and can also be useful to localize the underlying cause of a motion perception decline. Our ability to perceive motion changes with age. These psychophysical tools will be used to elucidate which processing stage is responsible for an age-related decline in motion perception. The current research program will build on our recent development of a powerful noise paradigm enabling to evaluate the impact of various properties of the visual system. This paradigm was developed for the low-level motion system. However, motion perception also relies on the feature tracking motion system, which is a high-level motion system that requires attentional resources. The first research axis will adapt our noise paradigm to characterize motion processing to the feature tracking motion system to evaluate the underlying factors affecting motion perception. By evaluating young and older adults (axis 2), we will be able to identify which underlying factors are responsible for age-related decline in feature tracking. The third research axis will investigate the relative contribution of the two motion systems as a function of eccentricity (i.e., peripheral vision), motion speed and luminance intensity. The last research axis will use the outcome of the third axis ton investigate the impact of healthy aging on the relative contributions of the two motion systems. In sum, this research program will provide fundamental knowledge about how the visual system processes motion and will quantify the effect of aging on the processing by the two motion systems and their interactions.

无可否认，运动感知对于许多日常活动至关重要，例如在拥挤的环境中行走、练习运动、过马路和驾驶。然而，运动感知很复杂。现在已经确定视觉系统依赖于两种根本不同的策略来处理运动，但这两种运动系统的相对贡献仍然难以捉摸。当前的研究计划将调查运动感知的基本过程，以阐明两个运动系统如何相互作用。该研究计划的中心方法在于开发新的心理物理学范例（即非侵入性功能测试）来研究影响运动对比敏感度的潜在因素。事实上，运动感知取决于从光感受器吸收光到皮层神经处理的许多处理级别，并且沿着这条路径的许多因素都会影响感知运动的能力。这些新的心理物理学范式将有助于精确描述运动过程，也可用于定位运动感知下降的根本原因。我们感知运动的能力随着年龄的增长而变化。这些心理物理学工具将用于阐明哪个处理阶段导致了与年龄相关的运动知觉下降。当前的研究计划将建立在我们最近开发的强大噪声范式的基础上，该范式能够评估视觉系统各种属性的影响。该范例是为低级运动系统开发的。然而，运动感知还依赖于特征跟踪运动系统，这是一个需要注意力资源的高级运动系统。第一个研究轴将采用我们的噪声范式来表征运动处理的特征跟踪运动系统，以评估影响运动感知的潜在因素。通过评估年轻人和老年人（轴 2），我们将能够确定哪些潜在因素导致与年龄相关的特征跟踪能力下降。第三个研究轴将研究两个运动系统作为偏心率（即周边视觉）、运动速度和亮度强度的函数的相对贡献。最后一个研究轴将使用第三个轴的结果来研究健康衰老对两个运动系统相对贡献的影响。总之，该研究计划将提供有关视觉系统如何处理运动的基础知识，并将量化衰老对两个运动系统及其相互作用的处理的影响。