鸡肌纤维类型的差异是影响肌肉生长发育及肉品质性状的重要因素之一。目前，关于鸡肌纤维分化的研究多集中在挖掘和筛选基因方面，非编码RNA调控肌肉分化的研究相对较少。探明肌肉中快慢肌形成的遗传机理，为鸡肉品质性状的遗传改良提供理论基础。本研究对玫瑰冠鸡、科宝肉鸡快慢肌分化形成的差异进行比较分析，采用高通量测序技术分别筛选影响肌纤维分化的差异表达基因和lncRNA，鉴定新的lncRNA，对lncRNA进行靶基因预测，通过lncRNA-mRNA联合分析构建肌纤维分化的调控通路；在此基础上，将筛选到lncRNA进行细胞水平的功能验证，分析lncRNA在鸡快慢肌纤维分化时的作用，探讨鸡肌纤维发育和分化过程中相关基因的调控机理，初步揭示lncRNA对玫瑰冠鸡和科宝肉鸡肌纤维类型分化的分子调控机制，进一步完善鸡肌肉发育的分子理论，为优质鸡肉质性状的育种奠定基础。

The difference of chicken muscle-fiber types is one of the important factors affecting muscles growth and meat quality traits. At present, the research on chicken muscle fibers differentiation are mostly focused on the level of genome mining and screening related genes. The regulation of Non-coding RNA mediated muscle fibers differentiation is relatively few. To provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of high chicken quality traits, the genetic mechanism of fast and slow muscles’ formation was investigated. In this study, the comparative analysis in muscles differentiation was analyzed on the Rose Crown Chicken and Cobb Broiler Chicken, and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to screen differentially expressed genes and lncRNA that affect the differentiation of muscle fibers, identify new lncRNA and predict target genes for lncRNA. The regulation pathway of muscle fiber differentiation is constructed by lncRNA-mRNA integrative analysis. On this basis, screened lncRNAs were verify for functional at the cellular level, the role of lncRNA in muscle differentiation was analyzed, and the regulatory mechanism of related genes during the development and differentiation of chicken muscle fibers was also explored. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of lncRNA on the fiber types differentiation of Rose Crown Chicken and Cobb Broiler Chicken was also initially revealed . All of these laid the foundation for further improving the molecular theory of chicken muscle development and studying the breeding of high-quality chicken meat quality traits.