脑出血是一类发病率、致残率和病死率较高的脑血管病，患者通常预后不良且治疗手段有限。骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）中富含多种microRNA且可通过外泌体分泌到胞外，已有研究认为BM-MSCs来源的外泌体在脑出血神经功能恢复中发挥一定的保护作用，但具体机制尚不明确。本课题组通过数据库筛查发现，miR-142-3p和miR-155在外泌体中含量丰富且在脑出血患者外周血中表达下降。因此，我们推测这两种miRNA可能在外泌体神经保护过程中发挥重要作用。本项目将利用体内体外实验，验证外泌体对脑出血大鼠神经功能恢复的作用、对神经元抗凋亡能力的影响，评价脑组织及共培养细胞中miR-142-3p和miR-155的表达量，最后通过抑制BM-MSCs中miR-142-3p及miR-155的表达反向验证外泌体在脑出血大鼠中发挥神经保护作用的具体机制。以期为脑出血BM-MSCs移植治疗提供新的理论依据。

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality. Patients usually have a poor prognosis and limited treatment. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are rich in microRNAs that can be secreted extracellularly by exosomes. It has been suggested that exosomes derived from BM-MSCs play an important role in the recovery of neurological function of ICH rats, but the specific mechanism is not clear. We found that miR-142-3p and miR-155 are abundant in exosomes and are reduced in peripheral blood of patients with ICH through database. Therefore, we speculate that these two miRNAs may play an important role in the neuroprotective process of exosomes. Therefore，we will use in vitro and in vivo experiments to verify the effects of exosomes on the recovery of neurological function in rats with cerebral hemorrhage, the effects of neuronal anti-apoptotic ability, and assess the expression level of miR-142-3p and miR-155 in the brain tissues and co-culture cells. Finally，we will inhibit the expression of miR-142-3p and miR-155 in BM-MSCs to verify the specific mechanism by which exosomes exert neuroprotective effects in ICH rats. It may provide a new theoretical basis for the transplantation of BM-MSCs in ICH.