Host in the machine: A neurobiological perspective on psychological stress and cardiovascular disease.
Host in the machine: A neurobiological perspective on psychological stress and cardiovascular disease.
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DOI：
10.1037/amp0000232
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jennings JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gianaros PJ;Jennings JR
心理压力仍然吸引着科学，临床和公众的兴趣，因为它与健康，特别是心血管健康的怀疑联系。心理压力被认为产生于评价过程，这些过程使事件和背景具有个人意义和与威胁相关的意义。这些评价过程也被认为是在大脑系统中实例化的，这些大脑系统通过内脏运动（脑对身体）和内脏感觉（身体对大脑）机制产生和控制外周生理应激反应。在短期内，生理应激反应可能使应对和适应行动成为可能。然而，在某些个体中，这些反应的模式可能预测或促成多器官系统（包括心血管系统）的病理。然而，目前，我们缺乏对大脑系统和内脏控制过程的精确理解，这些过程将心理评估与压力生理学和身体健康模式联系起来。这种理解很重要：对大脑如何将压力体验与身体变化和健康联系起来的机械解释可能有助于完善心血管疾病预防和干预的风险和目标的生物标志物。我们回顾了有助于这种理解的研究，重点是心血管应激反应和心血管健康的神经生物学。我们认为，内脏运动和内脏感觉过程中的失调压力的经验可能会赋予脆弱的个人心血管健康状况不佳的风险。我们进一步描述了心血管行为医学中这种脑-体失调的新的解释框架和标志物的需求。
Psychological stress still attracts scientific, clinical, and public interest because of its suspected connection to health, particularly cardiovascular health. Psychological stress is thought to arise from appraisal processes that imbue events and contexts with personal significance and threat-related meaning. These appraisal processes are also thought to be instantiated in brain systems that generate and control peripheral physiological stress reactions through visceral motor (brain-to-body) and visceral sensory (body-to-brain) mechanisms. In the short-term, physiological stress reactions may enable coping and adaptive action. Among some individuals, however, the patterning of these reactions may predict or contribute to pathology in multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. At present, however, we lack a precise understanding of the brain systems and visceral control processes that link psychological appraisals to patterns of stress physiology and physical health. This understanding is important: a mechanistic account of how the brain connects stressful experiences to bodily changes and health could help refine biomarkers of risk and targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and intervention. We review research contributing to this understanding, focusing on the neurobiology of cardiovascular stress reactivity and cardiovascular health. We suggest that a dysregulation of visceral motor and visceral sensory processes during stressful experiences may confer risk for poor cardiovascular health among vulnerable individuals. We further describe a need for new interpretive frameworks and markers of this brain-body dysregulation in cardiovascular behavioral medicine.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrn3950
发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
2016-08-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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