Representational Issues in an Instance Theory of Automization

许多认知活动是自动的，在这个意义上， 快速而毫不费力地进行，几乎没有意识 想的 自动化处理为一个 广泛的技能行为，从感知运动技能， 例如驾驶汽车，到高级认知技能，例如 象棋和数学 该研究项目探讨了如何 获得自动处理。 理解的性质 自动性对训练计划的设计有影响 在教育、工业和军事方面。 该项目涉及自动化的理论，洛根有 在过去的几年里一直在发展。 该理论假设， 自动处理基于检索过去的解决方案 直接从内存中读取，无需任何额外的计算。 自动化涉及从基于 基于记忆检索的加工通用算法。 的 在儿童获得技能的过程中， 简单加法：它们开始于通用计数算法， 这允许他们将任何两个数字相加，但在足够长的时间之后， 暴露，他们记住基本的事实和检索的总和 直接从记忆中提取而不计数。 洛根过去的研究 表明这种学习机制可以定量地解释 处理速度的提高和可变性的减少 伴随着自动化，这是最强大的 关于自动性的文献中的现象。 该项目将 更直接地检查学习过程，调查 人们在成长过程中获得的各种心理表征 自动性

Many cognitive activities are automatic, in the sense that they are performed quickly and effortlessly, with little conscious thought. Automatic processing provides an important basis for a wide range of skilled behavior, from perceptual-motor skills, such as driving a car, to high-level cognitive skills, such as chess and mathematics. This research project addresses how automatic processing is acquired. Understanding of the nature of automaticity has implications for the design of training programs in education, industry, and the military. The project concerns a theory of automatization that Logan has been developing over the past few years. The theory assumes that automatic processing is based on retrieving past solutions directly from memory, without any additional computation. Automatization involves a transition from processing based on a general algorithm to processing based on memory retrieval. The idea is well illustrated in children's acquisition of skill at simple addition: They begin with a general counting algorithm, which allows them to add any two numbers, but after sufficient exposure, they memorize the basic facts and retrieve sums directly from memory without counting. Logan's past research has shown that this learning mechanism can account quantitatively for the increase in speed of processing and reduction in variability that accompanies automatization, which are the most robust phenomena in the literature on automaticity. This project will examine the learning process more directly, investigating the kinds of mental representations people acquire as they develop automaticity.