A Case-Based Approach to Creative Design

设计是一项知识密集型和经验密集型的任务。在大多数情况下，设计师通过结合以前的设计来创造新的设计。虽然在过去的几年里，许多研究都在调查常规设计中涉及的过程，但几乎没有研究涉及到与创造性或非常规设计相关的问题。我们建议研究创意设计的过程，并建立在餐饮规划、建筑(办公室设计)和机械设计领域进行创意设计的实验系统。这项调查将利用以前在设计方面的工作，并将着眼于如何使用或扩展常规问题解决过程来创建新的问题解决方案。它还将扩展之前在基于案例的推理方面的工作，研究如何以新的方式使用以前的案例。这项工作将集中在四个领域：设计规范重组、设计备选方案的探索、几个设计备选方案的合并和非常规调整。前两个是工程师所称的概念设计所必需的，这是一个设计阶段，在这个阶段中，设计规范本身被定义。后两篇文章介绍了如何以新颖的方式对部分设计进行修复或修补。对设计过程的理解将能够创造出正确的设计工具，帮助设计师完成他们的任务，并将有助于建立各种工具和开发最适合用于培训未来设计师的课程类型。

Design is a knowledge-intensive and experience-intensive task. For the most part designers create new designs by adapting a combining previous designs. While much research in the past few years has gone into investigating the processes involved in routine design, almost none has addressed issues related to creative or non-routine design. We propose to investigate the processes involved in creative design and to build experimental systems that do creative design in the domains of meal planning, architecture (office design), and mechanical design. This investigation will capitalize on previous work in design, and will look at the ways in which routine problem solving processes can be used or extended to create novel solutions to problems. It will also extend previous work on case-based reasoning, looking at how previous cases can be used in novel ways. The work will concentrate in four areas: design specification restructuring, exploration of design alternatives, merging of several design alternatives, and non-routine adaptation. The first two are necessary for what engineers call conceptual design, a design stage in which the design specification itself is defined. The last two look at the ways fixes or patches to partial designs can be done in novel ways. An understanding of design processes will enable the creation of the right kinds of design tools to help designers with their tasks and will help to build the kinds of tools and to develop the kinds of curricula that can best be used to train designers of the future.