Inclusion as a Basis for Power in Exchange Networks

交换网络由人员或其他单位（如在一个组中相互连接的组织）组成。参与者是网络中位置的占有者，任何两个参与者之间或群体整体之间的联系可以是排他性的，也可以是包容性的。当必须完成两个或两个以上的交易才能从任何一个交易中获得利益时，就会发生纳入。这种情况与排他性相反，排他性发生在只有一次交换才能实现利益的情况下。不得不进行多次交换被视为削弱权力或控制。本研究的目的是检验包容性作为交换网络权力的基础。为了定量地确定包容和排斥的联合效应，一系列实验调查了各种网络，并测试了一个理论，该理论预测，包容的影响随着交换数量的增加而增加，但当排斥也存在时，包容的影响完全消除。​排斥条件的研究一直主导着交换网络的研究。该项目将通过系统地调查包容性条件，有助于理解交换网络中的权力关系。

An exchange network is comprised of people or other units such as organizations interconnected in a group. The participants are occupants of positions in the network, and the connections between any two participants or collectively in the group as a whole may be exclusive or inclusive. Inclusion occurs when two or more exchanges must be completed for a benefit to be realized from any of the exchanges. This condition is in contrast to exclusion which occurs when only one exchange must be completed for a benefit to be realized. Having to make many exchanges is seen as weakening power or control. The aim of this research is to examine inclusion as a basis for power in exchange networks. A series of experiments investigates a variety of networks in order to quantitatively determine the joint effect of inclusion and exclusion and tests a theory that predicts that the effect of inclusion increases with the number of exchanges but is completely eliminated when exclusion is also present. The study of the condition of exclusion has dominated research on exchange networks. This project will contribute to the understanding of power relations in exchange networks by systematically investigating the condition of inclusion.