Protohistoric Zuni Social and Political Organization

9318701金泰在国家科学基金会的支持下，基思·金泰博士将分析位于纽约市、波士顿和英国剑桥机构的博物馆藏品和相关文件。这些数据将与手头的材料整合在一起，出版一部专著，追踪大约公元1240年至1540年之间祖尼印第安人定居模式和社会组织的变化。在19世纪末和20世纪初，主要的考古发掘工作在三个史前祖尼城镇进行：赫霍特拉、哈洛纳和克奇帕万。工作进行的规模在今天是不可能的，而且在所有地点都有大面积暴露。虽然做了大量的实地记录，但没有一个地点的材料得到充分的分析和发表，金泰博士希望检查这些数据，并将它们纳入他自己对祖尼人史前历史的广泛分析中。祖尼人的案例尤其重要，因为该地区是美国为数不多的几个拥有丰富考古记录的地区之一，这里的现代群体拥有强大的传统文化和丰富的民族志记录，并有1000年的文化连续性。公元1240-1540年是一个特别重要的时期，因为在这段时间里，祖尼人首先聚集成几个大的定居点，然后迁移到更多的规划城镇，最后建立起村庄，这些村庄在西班牙人进入该地区后被占领。因此，这一记录允许人们追踪复杂社会的发展，以及随之而来的社会转变，这些转变伴随着较小的定居点的变化。研究结果将有助于理解人口聚集和组织复杂性增加所涉及的潜在过程。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多地区考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将揭示欧洲入侵对美洲原住民的影响。因为整个美国西南部的史前社会和政治变化似乎是相互关联的，对祖尼人情况的精确理解将有利于更广泛的考古调查。＊＊＊

9318701 Kintigh With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Keith Kintigh will analyze museum collections and associated documentation located in institutions in New York city, Boston and Cambridge England.. These data will be integrated with materials in hand and published in a monograph which traces changes in Zuni Native American settlement pattern and social organization between ca. 1240 and 1540 AD. In the late 19th and early 20th century major archaeological excavations were conducted at three prehistoric Zuni towns: Heshotauthla, Halona and Kechipawan. Work proceeded at a scale which would be impossible today and at all sites large areas were exposed. While extensive field notes were taken, at none of the sites were the materials fully analyzed and published and Dr. Kintigh wishes to examine these data and incorporate them into his own broad scale analysis of Zuni prehistory. The Zuni case is particularly significant because the area is one of the very few in the United States where a fertile archaeological record documents 1000 years of cultural continuity with a modern group having a strong traditional culture and rich ethnographic record. The 1240-1540 AD period marks a particularly important interval because during this time Zuni first aggregated into a few large settlements, then relocated into a larger number of planned towns and then finally established the villages which were occupied when Spanish entered the region. Thus this record allows one to trace the development of complex society and the subsequent social shifts which accompanied the change to smaller settlements. The result will contribute to understanding of the underlying processes involved in population aggregation and increasing organizational complexity. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many regional archaeologists. It will also shed new light on the effects of European invasion on Native American peoples. Because la te prehistoric social and political changes throughout the U.S. Southwest appear to be inter-related, a refined understanding of the Zuni situation will benefit broader archaeological inquiries. ***