Climate Processes on the Antarctic Plateau

[442 . 1096]沃伦这个项目是对南极雪表面光学和物理特性综合研究的继续。它有几个组成部分，涉及将全球气候变率印入南极冰记录的代理数据的过程。这是基于一个非常成功的三年实地工作，在此期间，首席研究员获得了大量数据，包括表面粗糙度（sastrugi方向）对反射阳光的角度分布的影响，热红外辐射的光谱分布，大气硫酸盐在雪表面干沉积的机制，以及霜的同位素组成。主要的重点将放在地表长波和短波辐射收支的气候学的产生上，包括二氧化碳、臭氧、水蒸气、云和大气冰晶的贡献。将在晴空和阴天条件下测试辐射传输模式，并确定地表光谱和总长波云辐射强迫的月度气候学。这些结果将用于研究地球辐射收支的全球计划，提供最冷和最干燥的地表末端成员条件。此外，还将分析雪中不同传热机制的界面温度分布，并研究硫酸盐气溶胶测量，以评估风抽对雪中微量元素沉积的贡献。＊＊＊

9421096 Warren This project is the continuation of an integrated study of the optical and physical properties of the antarctic snow surface. It has several components which concern the processes by which global climatic variability is imprinted into the proxy data recorded in the antarctic ice. It is based on a very successful three-year field effort during which the principal investigator acquired a substantial body of data, including the effect of surface roughness (sastrugi orientation) on the angular distribution of reflected sunlight, the spectral distribution of thermal infrared radiation, the mechanism of dry deposition of atmospheric sulfates in the snow surface, and the isotopic composition of hoarfrost. The primary emphasis will be on the production of a climatology of the long-wave and short-wave radiation budget at the surface, to include the contributions of carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor, clouds, and atmospheric ice crystals. Radiative transfer models will be tested under both clear-sky and cloudy-sky conditions, and a monthly climatology of spectral and total long-wave cloud radiative forcing at the surface will be determined. These results will feed into global programs studying the Earth's radiation budget, providing the coldest and driest surface end member conditions. In addition, interface temperature profiles will be analyzed for differing mechanisms of heat transfer in snow, and sulfate aerosol measurements will be studied to assess the contribution of wind pumping to the deposition of trace elements in the snow. ***