Prehistoric Craft-Specialization in Non-Hierarchical Societies

在国家科学基金会的支持下，凯瑟琳博士和她的学生将分析从新墨西哥州中部萨利纳斯地区的三个史前晚期普韦布洛遗址出土的大量陶瓷材料。膏体和含回火的化学分析将与表面设计的详细检查相结合。在此基础上，将有可能重建一个大区域的陶瓷制造和交换系统，并确定这是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。这项工作将为史前社会组织和产生复杂社会的过程提供重要的见解。考古学家注意到，在世界上许多地方，人口增长、人口聚集到区域中心和工艺专业化的出现之间似乎存在着某种关联。人们提出了许多模型来解释这一观察结果，其中最流行的一种认为，随着人口的增长，食物变得越来越难以获得，因此许多人成为工艺专家，并以物易物，如陶瓷，以获得必要的生存资源。在美国西南部，人口增长、聚集和工艺专业化同时发生，由于多年的实地调查，Spielmann博士开发了一个数据库，提供了这一过程的详细文档。通过她提出的分析，她将解开因果关系，并深入了解其中的机制。这项研究很重要，因为它将为许多考古学家和印第安人提供感兴趣的数据。它将揭示复杂社会是如何产生和维持的，并将有助于培养研究生。

Spielmann With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Katherine Spielmann and her students will analyze large collections of ceramic materials excavated from three late prehistoric pueblo sites in the Salinas area of central New Mexico. Chemical analyses of paste and included temper will be combined with detailed examination of surface design. On this basis it will be possible to reconstruct the system of ceramic manufacturing and exchange across a large region and to determine how this changed over time. The work will provide important insight into prehistoric social organization and the processes which give rise to complex society. Archaeologists have noted that in many parts of the world a correlation appears to exist between population growth, population aggregation into regional centers and the emergence of craft specialization. A number of models have been postulated to explain this observation and the most popular argues that with population growth, food can become more difficult to obtain and therefore a number of individuals become craft specialists and barter goods such as ceramics to obtain necessary subsistence resources. Population growth, aggregation and craft specialization occurred concurrently in the U.S. Southwest and as a result of many years of fieldwork, Dr. Spielmann has developed a data base which provides detailed documentation of this process. Through her proposed analysis, she shall disentangle cause and effect and gain insight into the mechanisms involved. This research is important because it will provide data of interest to many archaeologists as well as Native Americans. It will shed new light on how complex societies emerge and are maintained and will assist in the training of graduate students.