Intertemporal Choice for Health and Money

PI提出了八项研究，旨在比较健康和金钱的时间折扣。在实验1中，PI将检验假设，即之前的研究发现这两个领域的贴现率不同，因为受试者不熟悉假设的医疗情景。在这项研究中，患有一种疾病的患者将被给予两种情景--一种与他们实际患有的医疗状况有关，另一种与陌生的医疗状况有关。实验2将使用真实的货币结果而不是假设的情景来调查参与者的财务决策。在第三个实验中，PI将操纵健康可以换取金钱的程度。这里研究的原则是，这两个领域的贴现率不同可能是因为在某些情况下，这些钱不能轻易地用来换取健康。实验4调查健康和金钱是否有不同的贴现率，因为品尝或担心即将到来的健康或财务后果可能会扭曲传统的时间贴现。实验5考察了预期和后悔在时间折扣中的潜在作用。在实验6中，PI将检验这一假设，即健康和金钱具有不同的贴现率，因为健康被认为比金钱更难替代。在实验7中，PI将比较锻炼班成员和非锻炼班成员的贴现率。假设是班级成员的贴现率较低，特别是在健康领域。还将尝试检查贴现率和自我报告的健康行为之间的关系。在实验8中，我们将尝试改变贴现率，方法是设定一个以亏损或收益为单位的情景。这项研究的主要目标是评估决策者为什么在健康和金钱方面使用不同的贴现率的各种原因。第二个目标是检查贴现率和各种预防性健康行为之间的关系。这项研究对制定有关健康结果的社会政策具有重要意义。

The PI proposes eight studies designed to compare temporal discounting for health and money. In Experiment 1 the PI will test the hypothesis that previous research found different discount rates in the two domains because subjects were unfamiliar with the hypothetical medical scenarios. In this study patients with one disease will be given two scenarios--one pertaining to a medical condition they actually have and one pertaining to an unfamiliar medical condition. Experiment 2 will use real monetary outcomes rather than hypothetical scenarios to investigate participants' financial decisions. In a third experiment the PI will manipulate the extent to which health can be traded for money. The principle being examined here is that different discount rates in the two domains may be due to the fact that in some situations the money cannot readily be traded for health. Experiment 4 investigates whether health and money have different discount rates because savoring or dreading impending health or financial consequences may distort traditional temporal discounting. Experiment 5 examines the potential role of anticipation and regret in temporal discounting. In Experiment 6 the PI will test the hypothesis that health and money have different discount rates because health is considered to be less replaceable than money. In Experiment 7 the PI will compare the discount rates for exercise class members and non-members. The hypothesis is that class members will have a lower discount rate, particularly in the health domain. An attempt will also be made to examine the relation between discount rates and self-reported health behaviors. In Experiment 8 an attempt will be made to alter discount rates by framing a scenario either in terms of a loss or a gain. The primary goal of the research is to evaluate various reasons why decision makers use different discount rates for health and money. A second goal is to examine the relationship between discount rates and various preventive health behaviors. The r esearch has important implications for the formulation of social policy with regard to health outcomes.