Religious Movements in Algeria and Jordan

这是对阿尔及利亚和约旦宗教运动的研究。这些国家是早些时候的一个比较项目(SES-9213209)中包括的国家名单中的其他国家，该项目的主题是“情节与话语：当代中东的伊斯兰现代主义、自由民族主义和原教旨主义”。这个更大的项目研究的是：(一)意识形态生产的决定因素；(二)宏观社会变化与意识形态运动兴衰之间的联系；(三)意识形态产生的具体方式、主题的制定及其社会和政治取向的形成；(四)解释意识形态运动的成功和制度化程度差异的因素；(五)意识形态和利益之间的关系。这些理论问题在分析中得到了解决：(I)19世纪和20世纪初伊斯兰现代主义运动在印度、埃及和伊朗的崛起；(Ii)20世纪20年代至1950年代自由民族主义在埃及、伊朗和叙利亚的崛起；以及(Iii)后50年代伊斯兰原教旨主义在埃及、伊朗、巴基斯坦和叙利亚的崛起。借鉴约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的实验研究方法，在这个项目中采用的比较逻辑需要阿尔及利亚和约旦的加入，以充分评估该项目的因果模型的解释能力，并部分排除其他因素的混淆影响：(I)什叶派的机构发展在多大程度上解释了伊朗原教旨主义的力量？(Ii)西方文化渗透和统治精英与西方的密切联系在多大程度上解释了伊斯兰原教旨主义的兴起？分析阿尔及利亚和约旦的意识形态运动本身就很重要，因为这些国家在伊斯兰世界有影响力，对世界政治产生了明显的影响。阿尔及利亚的革命激发了该地区的许多革命运动。阿尔及利亚目前正在经历一场与伊朗原教旨主义相提并论的强大原教旨主义运动的高潮。约旦是一个世俗国家，没有受到原教旨主义团体的严重挑战，正在发展民主体制和多元化政治。因此，从对这些国家的研究中，人们可以得出对和平既具有科学价值又具有实际意义的重要经验教训。

This is a study of religious movements in Algeria and Jordan. These countries are additional cases to the list of countries included in an earlier comparative project (SES- 9213209) on "Episode and Discourse: Islamic Modernism, Liberal-Nationalism, and Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East." This larger project is a study of: (i) the determinants of ideological production; (ii) the connection between macro social change and the rise or decline of ideological movements; (iii) the specific manner in which ideology is produced, its themes are formulated, and its social and political orientations take shape; (iv) the factors explaining variations in the success and level of institutionalization of ideological movements; and (v) the relationship between ideology and interest. These theoretical issues are addressed in the analysis of: (i) the rise of Islamic modernist movements in India, Egypt, and Iran in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; (ii) the rise of liberal-nationalism in Egypt, Iran, and Syria in the 1920s to l950s; and (iii) the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, and Syria in the post 1950s. Drawing from John Stuart Mill's methods of experimental inquiry, the comparative logic employed in this project required the addition of Algeria and Jordan to fully assess the explanatory power of the project's causal model and to partial out the confounding effects of other factors: (i) To what extent does Shi'i institutional development explain the strength of fundamentalism in Iran? (ii) To what extent do Western cultural infiltration and the ruling elite's close ties with the West explain the rise of Islamic fundamentalism? Analyses of ideological movements in Algeria and Jordan are important in their own right, because these nations are influential in the Islamic world, having noticeable impacts on world politics. Revolution in Algeria has inspired many revolutionary movements in the region. Algeria is currently experiencing an upsurge of a strong fundamentalist movement on a par with Iranian fundamentalism. Jordan is a secular state which has not faced a serious challenge from the fundamentalist groups and is developing democratic institutions and pluralist politics. From the study of each of these countries one can therefore draw critical lessons that have both scientific merit and practical significance for peace.