GLOBEC: Winter Distribution and Success of Southern Ocean Krill

美国全球海洋生态系统动力学(U.S.GLOBEC)计划的目标是了解并最终预测海洋动物种群如何对气候的自然和人为变化做出反应。南大洋的研究表明，通过每年海冰的形成和破坏，气候过程和生态系统动态之间存在着强烈的耦合。南大洋GLOBEC计划(SOGLOBEC)将通过确定影响目标物种分布、丰度和种群动态的关键参数，研究物理过程和生态系统响应之间的动态关系。So GLOBEC计划的总体目标是阐明陆架循环过程及其对海冰形成和磷虾分布的影响，并研究影响磷虾生存和提供给较高营养水平的因素，包括企鹅、海豹和鲸鱼。美国对国际SO GLOBEC计划的贡献重点将放在冬季过程上。这一部分将利用配备了声学后向散射声纳系统、浮游生物视频记录器和环境传感器系统的复杂仪器包BIOMAPPER II，重点研究幼虾和成体磷虾和中浮游动物的猎物分布和丰度。该系统在大规模研究中使用。此外，还将使用一辆遥控车辆绘制冰层下磷虾的分布和行为图。So GLOBEC综合计划的结果将是提高海洋生物资源的可预测性，特别是关于当地和全球气候变化的可预测性。

The U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has the goal of understanding and ultimately predicting how populations of marine animal species respond to natural and anthropogenic changes in climate. Research in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicates strong coupling between climatic processes and ecosystem dynamics via the annual formation and destruction of sea ice. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program (SO GLOBEC) will investigate the dynamic relationship between physical processes and ecosystem responses through identification of critical parameters that affect the distribution, abundance and population dynamics of target species. The overall goals of the SO GLOBEC program are to elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and krill distribution, and to examine the factors which govern krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including penguins, seals and whales. The focus of the U.S. contribution to the international SO GLOBEC program will be on winter processes. This component will focus on juvenile and adult krill and mesozooplankton prey distribution and abundance using a sophisticated instrument package, BIOMAPPER II, which is equipped with an acoustic backscatter sonar system, a video plankton recorder and an environmental sensor system. The system is used in large-scale studies. Additionally, a remotely-operative vehicle will be used to map the distribution and behavior of krill under ice. The result of the integrated SO GLOBEC program will be to improve the predictability of living marine resources, especially with respect to local and global climatic shifts.