An Acre An Hour: Documenting the Effects of Urban Sprawl on a Model Watershed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

0001884 WeltyThe拟议工作的主要目标是记录城市化对费城郊区快速发展地区的谷溪流域的影响。 山谷溪是斯库尔基尔河的一条支流，流经福吉谷国家历史公园。石灰石喂养的溪流支持本地褐鳟鱼种群。 除了地表径流和沉积物负荷增加等开发的共同影响外，该流域还经历了危险废物场地的点源污染问题，以及采石作业和市政供水抽水造成的含水层脱水问题。历史回顾将确定过去200年来开发造成的河流变化。 然后，研究将转向持续城市化的影响。 开发引起的地貌变化包括水流、河道形态、河床组成和悬浮泥沙浓度。 从现有的水文地质数据和三维地下水模型材料，以代表污染物在裂隙岩石中的传输，我们将在多个尺度上检查的程度和图案的裂隙岩石含水层的水力传导性的异质性，然后将评估含水层的异质性和三维流动路径流地下交换率，污染物运输，和化学负荷的鱼类和其他生物群的影响。 示踪剂注入实验将被用来直接评估溪流地下交换在谷Creek.We建议调查环境质量和生物区系之间的相互作用的几个方面。 首先，我们将收集沉积物分布数据，以评估通道特征变化对大型无脊椎动物和鱼类群落结构的影响。 其次，我们将比较沉积物中的PCB水平和供应率与生物体中的PCB水平。 第三，我们将使用稳定同位素d15 N值来评估物种在食物网中的位置，以衡量生物放大作用。 第四，我们将使用热休克蛋白（HSP 70）测量生物体的一般应激水平，并将其与PCB水平作为环境对生物体影响的独立指标。 这项工作导致全面了解城市化引起的变化如何影响无脊椎动物和鱼类群落。 这一分水岭上的政治争论留下了一部城市化过程中政治斗争的历史，可以用来理解城市化过程中的政治力量。 社会科学研究将基于三个社会学视角：（1）倡导联盟框架;（2）网络分析;（3）话语分析。 这些社会学的观点定义了一个分水岭政治，这是由于形成了不同的宣传联盟，每个联盟都有一个特定的网络结构和信仰体系。 该愿景定义将全面了解城市化进程，以及社会，经济和政治因素的影响。

0001884WeltyThe principal objective of the proposed work is to document the effects of urbanization on Valley Creek Watershed in a rapidly developing area of suburban Philadelphia. Valley Creek, a tributary of the Schuylkill River, runs through Valley Forge National Historical Park. The limestone-fed stream supports a native brown trout population. In addition to the common effects of development such as increased surface runoff and sediment loading, the watershed has experienced point-source pollution problems from hazardous waste sites and aquifer dewatering from quarrying operations and pumping for municipal water supply.A historical review will determine the changes in the stream caused by development over the last 200 years. The study will then turn to the effect of continuing urbanization. Development-induced geeomorphologic changes are stream flows, channel morphology, bed composition, and suspended sediment concentration. The degree and pattern of heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity of the fractured rock aquifer will be examined at multiple scales from existing hydrogeologic data and with a 3D groundwater model material to representing contaminant transport in fractured rock We will then evaluate the effect of aquifer heterogeneity and 3D flow pathways on stream subsurface exchange rates, contaminant transports, and chemical loadings to the fish and other biota. Tracer-injection experiments will be used to directly assess stream-subsurface exchange in Valley Creek.We propose to investigate several aspects of the interaction between environmental quality and biota. First, we will collect sediment distribution data to assess impacts of changes in channel characteristics on community structure of macroinvertebrates and fish. Second, we will compare sediment PCB levels and supply rates with PCB levels found in organisms. Third, we will use stable isotope d15 N values to assess positioning of species in the food web in order to measure biomagnification. Fourth, we will measure general stress levels in the organisms using heat shock proteins (hsp 70) and relate this to PCB levels as an independent indicator of environmental impacts on organisms. This work leads to a comprehensive picture of how urbanization-induced changes affect invertebrate and fish communities. Political controversies in this watershed have left a history of the political struggles that develop during urbanization that can be used to gain understanding of the political forces during urbanization. The social science research will be based on the use of three sociological perspectives: (1) The Advocacy Coalition Framework; (2) network analysis; and (3) discourse analysis. These sociological perspectives define a watershed politics that results from the formation of different advocacy coalitions, each with a specific network structure and belief system. The vision definition will give a comprehensive view of the process of urbanization, as well as the influence by social, economic, and political factors.