Collaborative Research: Biomass Burning Emission Over Southern Africa

生物质燃烧是南部非洲乃至全球大气污染的主要来源。生物质燃烧释放出多种气体和颗粒化合物，对大气和生物地球化学循环有重大影响。这项与加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯分校的保罗·克鲁岑合作的研究项目是对马克斯·普朗克化学研究所实验火灾设施中的生物质燃烧进行的实验室调查。将在2000年旱季期间在南部非洲三个具有主要生态系统类型代表性的地区--纳米比亚北部的埃托沙国家公园、南非东北部的克鲁格国家公园和赞比亚、马拉维、坦桑尼亚、津巴布韦和莫桑比克的林地(Miombo网络)--合作收集将被研究的生物燃料。这些实验提供了一个部分受控的燃烧环境，将用于测量主要废气物种(CO2、CO、CH3Cl、CH3Br、CH3I、NOx、N2O、CH4、NH3、HCl、HNO3、SO2、HCOOH、CH3COOH、碱活性、挥发性氯、溴和碘；粒子的离子组成包括氯、溴、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、甲酸和醋酸；以及粒子的元素组成包括C、N、Cl、Br、I、S)以及生物燃料和灰渣的元素含量。这项研究的结果将与其他Safari-2000调查人员的结果相结合，以模拟含卤素、含氮、含硫、含碳化合物的区域生物质燃烧排放。

Biomass burning is a major source for atmospheric pollution over southern Africa as well as globally. Biomass burning emits a large variety of gaseous and particulate compounds with significant implications to atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles. This collaborative research project with Paul Crutzen, University of California, San Diego, Scripps, is a laboratory investigation of biomass burning in the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry experimental fire facility. The biofuels to be studied will be collected by collaborating SAFARI-2000 investigators during the dry season of 2000 in three regions of southern Africa that are representative for major ecosystem types: The Etosha National Park in northern Namibia, the Kruger National Park in north-east South Africa and woodland sites in Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Mozambique (the Miombo Network). The experiments provide a partially controlled burning environment and will be used to measure major exhaust species (CO2; CO; CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I; NOx; N2O; CH4; NH3; HCl, HNO3; SO2, HCOOH, CH3COOH; alkaline-reactive, volatile Cl, Br and I; the ionic composition of particles including chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, formic and acetic acid; and the elemental composition of particles including C, N, Cl, Br, I, S) as well as the elemental content of both biofuels and ash-residues. The results of this study will be integrated with those from other SAFARI-2000 investigators to model regional biomass burning emissions of halogen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, carbon-containing compounds.