BIOCOMPLEXITY INCUBATION ACTIVITY: How Physical-Biological Coupling in the Western Arctic Ocean Influences Marine Mammal Abundance and Native Subsistence Harvests

摘要：生物复杂性-孵化活动：北冰洋西部的物理-生物耦合如何影响海洋哺乳动物的丰度和原生可持续采集量北极西部的海洋哺乳动物的分布、相对丰度和可获得性可能受到北极气候模式年际变化和长期全球气候波动引起的海洋变异性的影响。这种变异性影响了局部“热点”的发展，在那里发现海洋哺乳动物浮游生物猎物和海洋哺乳动物聚集物的浓度升高。原住民的知识表明，这种“热点”是有利的狩猎地点。为了研究北极海洋环境中的生物复杂性，这项工作将制定一项为期五年的研究计划，自下而上地研究营养级联(即从物理-生物相互作用到人类对海洋哺乳动物的消耗)。中心假设是：海洋哺乳动物的分布、相对丰度和对土著自给自足猎人的可获得性可以根据浮游生物产量和食物网状结构的变化来模拟，这些变化与北极西部的物理条件有关。这是一项为期一年的孵化活动(IA)，旨在支持制定有效解决这一问题的研究计划。IA将是协作性的，包括物理和生物海洋学家、模型师、海洋哺乳动物学家和阿拉斯加土著代表。孵化活动将包括：1)确定现有的相关数据作为我们建模和实地工作的背景；2)组建一个拥有相关专业知识和知识的科学家和土著代表团队；以及3)与该团队一起举办两次规划研讨会，以制定专注于中心假说的全面研究计划。

Abstract: Biocomplexity-Incubation Activity: How Physical-Biological Coupling in theWestern Arctic Ocean Influences Marine Mammal Abundance and NativeSubsistence HarvestsMarine mammal distribution, relative abundance and availability to Native subsistence hunters in the Western Arctic likely are influenced by oceanographic variability resulting from interannual variation in both weather patterns in the Arctic and longer-term global climate fluctuations. This variability influences the development of localized "hot spots" at which elevated concentrations of marine mammal plankton prey, and aggregations of marine mammals, are found. Indigenous knowledge demonstrates that such "hot spots" are favorable hunting locations. To investigate Biocomplexity in the Arctic marine environment, this effort will develop a five-year research program to examine trophic cascades from the "bottom up" (i.e., from physical -biological interactions to human consumption of marine mammals). The central hypothesis is: Marine mammal distribution, relative abundance and availability to Native subsistence hunters can be modeled in relation to variability in plankton production and food web structure which are linked to physical conditions in the Western Arctic. This is a one-year Incubation Activity (IA) to support the development of a research plan that effectively addresses this question. The IA will be collaborative and includes physical and biological oceanographers, modelers, marine mammalogists and Alaska Native representatives. Incubation activities will include: 1) identification of existing relevant data as background for our modeling and field work; 2) assembling a team of scientists and Native representatives with relevant expertise and knowledge; and 3) the conduct of two planning workshops with this team to develop a comprehensive research program to focused on the central hypothesis.