SGER: The Psychophysiology of Emotion Regulation

自我调节是适应性行为的基石，而自我调节的能力在情感方面最为关键。情绪调节是工作和人际关系成功的基础。工作中持续的注意力要求人们把情绪冲动放在脑后，良好的人际关系要求人们明智地监控他们表达的情绪以及他们如何表达这些情绪。在过去的二十年里，情绪研究者开始严格审查情绪调节过程。然而，进一步的理论和经验的进展需要更深入地了解情绪调节的神经基板。在这两项研究的探索性项目中，最先进的自主和中央监测程序将被用来检查向上和向下调节的方法和退缩倾向，这共同代表了动机行为的基本要素。这些研究有两个具体的目的：（1）确定自主神经，行为和主观相关的调节的接近和撤回相关的冲动;具体来说，饥饿和厌恶。(2)利用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和同步自主神经生理记录技术，探讨接近和撤回自我调节的神经相关性。第一项研究将通过记录实验参与者在各种刺激呈现条件下调节厌恶和/或饥饿的自主、主观和行为反应来解决具体目标1。第二项研究将通过记录参与者的大脑活动，自主生理学和主观体验来解决特定目标2，这些参与者正在调节他们对基于研究1结果选择的厌恶和饥饿相关刺激的体验。

Self-regulation is the cornerstone of adaptive behavior, and nowhere is the capacity for self-regulation more critical than when it comes to emotions. Emotion regulation provides the basis for success at work and in interpersonal relations. Sustained attention at work requires that people put out of mind emotional impulses, and good interpersonal relations require that people judiciously monitor which emotions they express and how they express them. In the past two decades, emotion researchers have begun to rigorously examine emotion regulatory processes. However, further theoretical and empirical progress requires a deeper understanding of the neural substrates of emotion regulation. In this two-study exploratory project, state-of-the-art autonomic and central monitoring procedures will be used to examine the up- and down-regulation of approach and withdrawal tendencies, which together represent the basic elements of motivated behavior. These studies have two specific aims: (1) To determine the autonomic, behavioral, and subjective correlates of the regulation of approach- and withdrawal-related impulses; specifically, hunger and disgust. (2) To determine the neural correlates of self-regulation of approach and withdrawal, using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and simultaneous autonomic physiological recording. The first study will address Specific Aim 1 by recording autonomic, subjective, and behavioral responses from experimental participants who are regulating disgust and/or hunger under a variety of stimulus presentation conditions. The second study will address Specific Aim 2 by recording brain activity, autonomic physiology, and subjective experience in participants who are regulating their experience of disgust- and hunger-related stimuli selected on the basis of the results of Study 1.