T-LIDAR imaging of active faults - Does fault-surface roughness reflect repeated coseismic slip events?

计划进行的调查的主要目的是利用地面激光扫描技术（T-LIDAR -地面光探测和测距）分析显示冰后期断层陡坎的已知活动断层的构造地貌和古地震学，以重建沿沿着表面破裂陡坎的断层历史，并测试选定地点校准活动断层粗糙度指数方法的潜力。激光雷达技术将用于石灰岩基岩陡坎的表面评价和陡坎表面的粗糙度分析。由于正断层的下盘经历持续的隆起，重复地震造成的断层陡坎的发展形成了一个陡峭的光滑断层面（自由面），随着时间的推移，该断层面会受到不同的风化作用（退化、岩溶作用、生物侵蚀）。因此，陡崖的上部通常比底部具有更强烈的风化作用。LIDAR调查的目标是揭示已知和定年的活动断层的滑动历史，并建立地中海地区沿着石灰岩断层陡坎的同震滑动事件的相对年龄估计（例如，希腊、意大利、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国）。此外，激光雷达方法和点云分析有可能构成宇宙成因核素绝对定年的补充方法。如果相对年龄的评估将是成功的，控制采样的成本密集的绝对定年，因此，可以减少费用和节省时间的陡坎，发展以来的末次盛冰期（LGM）。

Main aims of the planned investigations are to analyze the tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology of known active faults that display post-glacial fault scarps with groundbased laser-scanning techniques (T-LIDAR – terrestrial Light Detection And Range) to reconstruct the faulting history along surface-rupturing scarps, and to test the potential of selected locations to calibrate the roughness-index method for active faults. LIDAR techniques will be used for surface evaluation of limestone bedrock scarps and roughness analysis of the scarp surfaces. As the footwall of a normal fault undergoes continued uplift, the development of fault scarps by repeated earthquakes forms a steep polished fault plane (free face) that is subject to differential weathering through time (degradation, karstification, bio-erosion). Therefore, the upper parts of scarps are usually characterized by more intense weathering in comparison to the base. Goals of the LIDAR investigations are to reveal the slip history of known and dated active faults and to establish a relative age estimation of the coseismic slip events along limestone fault scarps in the Mediterranean region (e.g., Greece, Italy, FYROM). Furthermore, the LIDAR approach and the point cloud analyses have a potential to constitute a supplementary methods for the absolute dating with cosmogenic nuclides. If the relative age assessment will be successful, controlled sampling for the costintensive absolute dating, hence, expenses may be reduced and time economized for scarps, which developed since the last glacial maximum (LGM).