Arabidopsis 2010 - Collaborative Research: Discovering Transporters for Essential Minerals and Toxic Ions in Plants

植物的生长、发育和存活取决于15种必需营养素和无数代谢物的吸收、转运和分选，这些营养素和代谢物被转运到特定的器官、细胞和细胞内区室。 然而，植物如何调节和协调复杂的长距离和细胞运输模式网络尚不清楚。 第一个完整的植物基因组序列，大型突变体集合和广泛的数据库提供了机会，以产生新的资源和工具，以发现拟南芥中约800个转运蛋白的功能。 大部分未知转运蛋白是次级主动转运蛋白。 该项目的主要目标是确定离子特异性，组织和亚细胞分布，以及56个H+偶联阳离子转运蛋白的生物学作用，包括CaCA，CPA 1和CPA 2家族。随着基因组序列的可用性和通过生物信息学分析鉴定运输同源物，酵母中的异源表达将用于快速描绘H+偶联阳离子转运蛋白的整个补体的功能。 调节机制将通过假定的自身抑制结构域的突变来确定。 分离膜中的转运将用于验证代表性转运蛋白的离子特异性。 将使用转基因植物中的启动子-报告蛋白表达和原生质体模型中的GFP标记的转运蛋白来确定组织和亚细胞分布。 将使用插入敲除突变体分析转运蛋白的生物学和生理学功能。 研究产生的新方法和信息将通过http://www.cbs.umn.edu/2010网站发布，每年更新几次。 为了确保结果和资源可供社区使用，数据将存放在TAIR，突变拟南芥品系将在结果确认后通过ABRC提供。转运蛋白影响所有生命过程，包括生殖，代谢，运动以及对激素和环境刺激的反应，因此，该项目产生的资源和信息将直接促进在实现2010年项目目标方面取得进展。 制定了各种方案，吸引学生，包括代表性不足的少数民族学生，并为他们提供机会，利用实验和生物信息学方法解决卫生、农业和环境问题。

Plant growth, development, and survival depend on the uptake, translocation, and sorting of 15 essential nutrients and countless metabolites to specific organs, cells and intracellular compartments. However, it is not known how plants regulate and coordinate the complex network of long-distance and cellular transport patterns. The first complete genome sequence of a plant, large mutant collections, and extensive databases provide opportunities to generate new resources and tools to discover the functions of ~800 transporters in Arabidopsis. The bulk of unknown transporters are secondary active transporters. The major objectives of this project are to determine the ion specificity, the tissue and subcellular distribution, and the biological roles of 56 H+-coupled cation transporters, including the CaCA, CPA1, and CPA2 families. With the availability of genomic sequence and the identification of transport homologs through bioinformatic analyses, heterologous expression in yeast will be used to quickly delineate the function of the entire complement of H+-coupled cation transporters. Regulatory mechanisms will be determined by mutation of putative autoinhibitory domains. Transport in isolated membranes will be used to verify ion specificity of representative transporters. Tissue and subcellular distribution will be determined using promoter-reporter proteins expression in transgenic plants, and GFP-tagged transporters in a protoplast model. Biological and physiological functions of transporters will be analyzed using insertional knockout mutants. New methods and information resulting from the study will be distributed through a site at http://www.cbs.umn.edu/2010 with several updates each year. To assure that results and resources are available to the community, data will be depositied at TAIR and mutant Arabidopsis lines will be available through the ABRC after results are confirmed.Transporters impact all life processes, including reproduction, metabolism, movement, and responses to hormonal and environmental stimuli, thus resources and information generated from this project will directly facilitate progress towards the goals of the 2010 project. Programs are in place to attract and provide opportunities for students, including under-represented minorities, to solve problems in health, agriculture, and the environment using experimental and bioinformatic approaches.