Dictionary of American Regional English

在国家科学基金会的支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和《美国地区英语词典》(DARE)的工作人员将继续用美国英语记录地区和社会差异。它们将集中在预计将于2008年出版的《数据》第五卷(SL-Z)中的条目。哈佛大学贝尔纳普出版社已经出版了四卷DARE：A-C，1985；D-H，1991；I-O，1996；P-Sk，2002。DARE基于1965年至1970年在全美1002个社区进行的广泛的田野调查，以及大量书面资料(包括日记、信件、报纸、小说、民俗资料、政府文件和电子资料)，这些资料记录了从17世纪到现在的美国英语。DARE全面介绍了美国各地不同地区的单词、短语和发音，或描述一个或另一个社会群体用法的文字、短语和发音。DARE的独特之处在于包含了显示单词分布的地图(进行调整以反映人口密度，而不是地理区域)。尽管随着时间的推移，语言的变化是不可避免的，尽管有人预测美式英语将“同质化”，但Dale明确表示，地方性单词和短语仍然非常活跃。已出版的DARE卷和为该项目收集的录音带和其他材料已被语言学家、社会语言学家和词典编纂者使用。此外，法医语言学家使用DARE来帮助识别犯罪嫌疑人；医生使用它来解释表示疾病和疾病的民间术语；精神病学家和老年学家将它与要求识别家居物品的标准化测试结合使用(因为此类测试的制作者没有认识到，使用地区性词汇项目可能会扭曲测试分数，并导致对失语症等疾病的误诊)。教师、研究人员、图书馆员、记者、历史学家和剧作家也广泛使用DARE卷，以及那些只喜欢美国英语的读者。

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of the "Dictionary of American Regional English" (DARE) will continue their documentation of regional and social variation in American English. They will concentrate on entries to appear in Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), which is projected for publication in 2008. Four volumes of DARE have already been published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: A-C, 1985; D-H, 1991; I-O, 1996; P-Sk, 2002. DARE is based both on an extensive program of fieldwork conducted in 1,002 communities across the United States between 1965 and 1970 and on a massive collection of written sources (including materials such as diaries, letters, newspapers, novels, folklore collections, government documents, and electronic collections) that document American English from the seventeenth century to the present.DARE provides full historical treatment of the words, phrases, and pronunciations that vary from one part of the USA to another or that characterize the usage of one social group or another. Unique to DARE is the inclusion of maps (adjusted to reflect population density rather than geographic area) showing distributions of words. Although language change is inevitable over time, and though some have predicted the "homogenization" of American English, DARE makes it clear that regional words and phrases are still very much alive. The published volumes of DARE and the tape recordings and other materials collected for the project have been used by linguists, sociolinguists, and lexicographers. In addition, forensic linguists have used DARE to help identify crime suspects; physicians have used it to explain folk terms for ailments and diseases; and psychiatrists and gerontologists have used it in conjunction with standardized tests that call for identification of household objects (since makers of such tests have not recognized that use of regional vocabulary items can skew the test scores and result in misdiagnosis of illnesses such as aphasia). The DARE volumes are also widely used by teachers, researchers, librarians, journalists, historians, and playwrights, as well as by readers who simply delight in American English.