Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics

Brandeis大学的Irving Epstein和Anatol Zhabotinsky在实验物理化学计划的支持下开展了非线性化学动力学的实验和计算研究，重点是创造和理解涉及反应-扩散系统中图案形成的不同方面的各种新现象。将探索四个领域。首先，将利用一种新的流动反应器结构和更广泛的反应和表面活性剂，研究水-油-表面活性剂微乳液中的振荡化学反应行为。接下来，将利用外光源微扰来探测二氧化氯-碘-丙二酸反应中的图灵花样、驻波和团簇花样，寻找新的共振行为形式，并研究生长对花样形成的影响。此外，还将努力发展对“化学光学”的系统理解，即各种类型的化学波的行为，包括反射、折射、绕射和干涉。最后，将开发用于图案形成研究的新系统，包括(A)涉及钙离子的振荡器，(B)在封闭和开放体系中振荡的pH振荡器，(C)简单的基于酶的振荡器，以及(4)次亚磷酸盐离子与某些锰物种的铂催化反应。研究成果将在生物学、催化和信息处理方面有潜在的应用。此外，这些现象在美学上很有吸引力，演示和演示可能会引起广泛的科学和非专业观众的兴趣。化学花样形成是现代宏观化学动力学研究的中心问题。反应扩散系统构成了神经生物学、催化和生态学中模式形成的最方便的模拟模型，并且对于信息处理是有用的。这些现象涉及全球反馈和/或化学波在非均匀介质中的传播。

Irving Epstein and Anatol Zhabotinsky of Brandeis University are supported by the Experimental Physical Chemistry Program to carry out experimental and computational research in nonlinear chemical dynamics, focusing on creating and understanding a variety of new phenomena involving different aspects of pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems. Four areas will be explored. First, the behavior of oscillating chemical reactions in water-oil-surfactant microemulsions will be examined, utilizing a new flow reactor configuration and a wider range of reactions and surfactants. Next, external light source perturbation will be used to probe Turing patterns, standing waves, and cluster patterns in the chlorine dioxide- iodine-malonic acid reaction, to seek new forms of resonant behavior and to study the facts of growth on pattern formation. As well, efforts will be undertaken to develop a systematic understanding of "chemical optics," the behavior of various types of chemical waves involving reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Finally, new systems for pattern formation studies will be developed, including (a) oscillators involving calcium ions, (b) pH oscillators that oscillate in closed as well as open systems, (c) simple enzyme-based oscillators, and (4) the platinum-catalyzed reaction of hypophosphite ion with certain manganese species. Research outcomes will have potential applications to biology, catalysis, and information processing. As well, these phenomena are aesthetically appealing, and demonstrations and presentations can interest a wide range of scientific and lay audiences. Pattern formation in chemistry is a central problem in modern macroscopic chemical kinetics. Reaction-diffusion systems constitute the most convenient analog models for pattern formation in neurobiology, catalysis, and ecology, and are useful for information processing. These phenomena involve global feedback and/or the propagation of chemical waves through nonuniform media.