DDIG: Reproduction & Prenatal Care in Arizona Prehistory: An Examination of Patterns of Health in Perinates & Children at Turkey Creek, Point of Pines, & Grasshopper P

这项研究探讨了史前晚期西南部（约公元1200-1540年）的产前健康和疾病，在三个聚集的东中部亚利桑那州的网站：蚱蜢普韦布洛，松树普韦布洛点，和土耳其溪普韦布洛。这些地点的邻近性和共同的居住模式有助于审查产前保健因居住社区聚集而发生的变化。 生殖和怀孕在史前记录中没有被深入研究。此外，对史前婴儿的研究直到最近才得到充分的代表，因为研究小的、保存不太好的骨骼遗骸很困难。然而，胎儿和新生儿的健康取决于母亲的健康。因此，胎儿和新生儿的骨骼遗骸和牙齿提供了一种测试孕妇健康随时间变化的手段。该项目建议通过研究三个保存完好的考古样本，促进发现和了解我们对怀孕和婴儿和母亲产前健康的了解。 了解史前西南地区的产前保健将有助于了解美国土著婴儿死亡率和母亲的产前保健如何随着时间的推移在西南地区发生变化，有助于了解孕产妇保健的历史和文化差异。此外，关于胎儿和婴儿骨骼中不同疾病的发生和出现的信息可以直接应用于美国婴儿遗骸的骨骼学研究或法医学。

This research examines prenatal health and disease in the late prehistoric Southwest (circa AD 1200-1540) at three aggregated East-Central Arizona sites: Grasshopper Pueblo, Point of Pines Pueblo, and Turkey Creek Pueblo. The close proximity of the sites and the common settlement pattern facilitates an examination of changes in prenatal health care in response to aggregated living communities. Reproduction and pregnancy have not been intensively studied in the prehistoric record. Additionally, research on prehistoric babies has been underrepresented until recently because of the difficulties associated with studying small, less well-preserved skeletal remains. However, the health of fetuses and newborns is dependent on the health of their mothers. Therefore, skeletal remains and teeth of fetuses and newborns provide a means of testing for changes through time in the health of pregnant women. This project proposes to advance discovery and understanding of our knowledge of pregnancy and prenatal health of babies and mothers by studying three well preserved archaeological samples. An understanding of prenatal health care in the prehistoric Southwest will facilitate an understanding of how Native American infant mortality and prenatal health care of mothers has changed over time in the Southwest by contributing to the understanding of historical and cultural differences in maternal care. In addition, information regarding the occurrence and appearance of different diseases in fetal and infant skeleton can be directly applied to osteological studies of infant remains or forensics in the United States.