Dictionary of American Regional English

媒体和美国人口的流动性是否导致了美式英语的“同质化”？ 几代人之后，我们会说同样的话吗？ 出版的四卷《美国区域英语词典》表明，虽然随着时间的推移，语言的变化是不可避免的，但成千上万的单词、短语和发音仍然在我们国家的各个地区有所不同。 区域分布可能相当小（例如，在罗得岛的stuffie 'a stuffed quahog'，在宾夕法尼亚德国人定居区的strubbly 'diseveled'，或在北达科他州和南达科他州的blackberry 'deadly nightshade'）或非常大（通过网球鞋和运动鞋之间的对比来证明，网球鞋在东北部很普遍但最不常见，运动鞋在东北部和中北部州很普遍但最常见）。在国家科学基金会的支持下，琼·休斯顿·霍尔博士和DARE的工作人员将继续他们关于DARE第五卷（S1-Z）的工作，预计将于2009年出版。 前四卷分别于1985年（A-C）、1991年（D-H）、1996年（I-O）和2002年（P-Sk）由哈佛大学出版社的贝尔纳普出版社出版。 与《牛津英语词典》一样，《DARE》也对其词条进行了历史处理，用引文来说明每个词的用法，这些引文表明了时间范围和地区分布。 DARE的独特之处在于包含了地图（调整以反映人口密度而不是地理区域），这些地图是基于1965年至1970年间在美国1，002个社区进行的广泛实地调查计划。除了田野调查之外，还有大量的书面资料（包括日记、信件、报纸、小说、民间传说和政府报告），这些资料记录了从世纪到现在的语言。 最近提供了宝贵的数字资源，大大加强了本卷的工作。 DARE材料（包括录音和特别收藏以及出版的卷）已被教师，语言学家，社会语言学家，图书馆员和词典编纂者广泛使用。 它们也被法医语言学家（根据语言使用情况对犯罪嫌疑人进行侧写）、医生（理解患者使用的民间医学术语）、精神病学家（评估标准化词汇测试的结果，这些测试无法识别评分表中的区域差异）以及记者、研究人员、历史学家和剧作家使用。 它们也被那些喜欢美国英语的多样性和创造性的读者所使用。

Have the media and the mobility of the American population caused the "homogenization" of American English? Will we all talk alike within a few generations? The four published volumes of the Dictionary of American Regional English demonstrate that, while language change is inevitable over time, thousands of words, phrases, and pronunciations still vary from one part of our country to another. Regional distributions can be quite small (e.g., stuffie 'a stuffed quahog' in Rhode Island, strubbly 'disheveled' in the Pennsylvania German settlement area, or stubbleberry 'deadly nightshade' in North and South Dakota) or very large (demonstrated by the contrast between tennis shoe, which is widespread but least frequent in the Northeast, and sneaker, which is widespread but most frequent in the Northeast and North Central states). With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Joan Houston Hall and the staff of DARE will continue their work on Volume V of DARE (Sl-Z), which is projected for publication in 2009. The first four volumes of the Dictionary were published in 1985 (A-C), 1991 (D-H), 1996 (I-O), and 2002 (P-Sk) by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Like the Oxford English Dictionary, DARE provides historical treatment of its entries, illustrating the use of each word with quotations that demonstrate both chronological range and regional distribution. Unique to DARE is the inclusion of maps (adjusted to reflect population density rather than geographic area) that are based on an extensive program of fieldwork conducted in 1,002 communities across the United States between 1965 and 1970. Supplementing the fieldwork is a massive collection of written sources (including materials such as diaries, letters, newspapers, novels, folklore collections, and government reports) that document our language from the seventeenth century to the present. Work on the current volume is greatly enhanced by the recent availability of valuable digital resources. DARE materials (including audio recordings and special collections as well as the published volumes) have been widely used by teachers, linguists, sociolinguists, librarians, and lexicographers. They have also been used by forensic linguists (to profile crime suspects on the basis of language use), physicians (to understand the folk medical terms used by their patients), psychiatrists (to evaluate the results of standardized vocabulary tests that fail to recognize regional variation in their scoring sheets), and by journalists, researchers, historians, and playwrights. They are also used by readers who simply delight in the variety and creativity of our American English language.