CAREER: Alternative cements for sustainable development and concrete performance

摘要拟议的职业发展计划强调其研究和教育部分的“可持续性”。调查将探索在保持或改进现行性能标准的同时减少混凝土生产对环境影响的方法。这将通过合成低能量、低二氧化碳排放的水泥来实现。将根据对环境的影响、性能和耐久性对水泥进行表征和优化。由于波特兰水泥混凝土是世界上使用最广泛的建筑材料，这一系统的可持续性即使稍有改善，也可能产生重大的全球影响。水泥生产是能源密集型行业，占全球工业能源消耗的近5%。此外，水泥制造大大增加了温室气体的排放(占全球人为二氧化碳的5%)。在这项拟议的工作中，工业废料将被用作合成普通波特兰和新型绿色水泥的原料。使用工业废物代替天然材料将减少水泥制造过程中的二氧化碳排放，同时还能减少垃圾填埋场。与波特兰水泥相比，该项目中探索的新型绿色水泥将具有更低的能源需求和更低的二氧化碳排放。所有合成系统都将进行广泛的表征，并针对具体性能进行优化。该项目的结果将促进对可持续水泥这一新兴研究领域的了解，特别是关于各种原材料对水泥成分和性能的影响的知识。在这项工作的过程中，将对新的和现有的胶凝相的形成机理、水化反应机理以及胶凝体系中组成-加工-组织-性能之间的相互关系提供新的见解。水泥相形成的预测模型以及分析和表征技术也将取得进展。在可持续发展的背景下探讨发展具有深远的社会和环境效益。走向可持续发展的运动不仅需要新的工程方法，而且需要工程师的新思维模式。这项职业发展计划在其研究和教育部分都涉及到这两个方面，通过将材料的环境友好性与其性能看齐，并通过新课程和课程增强模块向学生传授这种方法的价值。单元完成后将通过教育讲习班分发给其他机构，以鼓励使用。通过针对工程专业历史上代表性不足的学生，包括女性，将这一范例的教育延伸到了K-12领域。

AbstractThe proposed career development plan emphasizes "sustainability" in both its research and educational components. The investigation will explore methods of reducing the environmental impact of concrete production while maintaining or improving current performance standards. This will be achieved through the synthesis of low energy, low CO2-emitting cements. The cements will be characterized and optimized with regard to their environmental impact, performance, and durability. As Portland cement concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, even small improvements to this sustainability of this system could have a significant global influence. Cement production is energy intensive, accounting for almost 5% of global industrial energy consumption. Furthermore, cement manufacturing contributes significantly to the emission of greenhouse gases (5% of global anthropogenic CO2). In the proposed work, industrial wastes will be used as raw ingredients for synthesizing ordinary Portland and novel "green" cements. The use of industrial wastes in lieu of natural materials will reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing with the additional benefit of landfill reduction. The novel "green" cements explored in this project will have both lower energy needs and lower CO2 emissions compared to Portland cement. All synthetic systems will be characterized extensively and optimized for concrete performance. Results from this project will advance the state of knowledge in the emerging research area of sustainable cements, particularly with regard to the effects of various raw materials on cement composition and properties. During the course of this work, new insights will be provided into the formation mechanisms of new and existing cementitious phases, hydration reaction mechanisms, and the inter-relationship between composition-processing microstructure- properties in cementitious systems. Advances in prediction models for cement phase formation and in analysis and characterization techniques are also anticipated.Approaching development in the context of sustainability has far-reaching societal and environmental benefits. A movement toward sustainable development demands not only new ways of engineering, but new mind-sets of those who engineer. This career development plan addresses both of these aspects in its research and educational components by valuing the environmental friendliness of a material on par with its performance, and teaching students the value of this methodology through new courses and course-enhancing modules. Modules will be distributed to other institutions upon their completion through educational workshops to encourage their use. Educating students in this paradigm is extended into the K-12 realm through outreach programs directed at students historically under-represented in engineering, including women.