Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Community Formation, Migration, and Social Transformation in Ancestral Puebloan Society

在Keith Kintigh博士的监督下，Gregson Schachner将进行一项研究项目，旨在了解公元1200s期间新墨西哥州中西部埃尔莫罗山谷祖传普埃布隆村庄的形成。在13世纪之前，埃尔莫罗山谷被附近的普埃布卢安人用作资源聚集区和零星的短期居住地。然而，到公元12世纪末，数千名普埃布卢安移民农民建立了一系列村庄，并将埃尔莫罗山谷转变为科罗拉多高原上最大的人口中心之一。沙克纳的研究将利用对区域聚落模式和陶瓷交换的分析，以了解移民的过程及其对社区形成的影响。在地方层面构建社会互动的社会网络的形成是确保成功的人类住区的关键过程之一。这些网络在日常生活中无处不在，这让它们的出现看起来没有问题，而且是永恒的。然而，正是在这些网络的形成过程中，社区结构和传统可能发生戏剧性的变化。沙克纳的研究将考察在移民群体进入一个以前几乎没有定义社区或地点的无人居住地区后的一段时间内社区形成的过程。通过关注社区在这种情况下形成的各种方式，该项目将探索当地社会网络如何通过人类互动而出现、发挥作用和转变。沙克纳的研究将采用双管齐下的比较方法，重点关注古代埃尔莫罗山谷聚落模式和陶瓷交换。聚落模式分析将突出多个村庄社区形成的年表、增长模式和社会规模。该项目还将使用仪器中子活化分析来跟踪两种不同类型陶瓷的交换，以评估移民人口的地理来源、新建立的社区内的社会多样性以及外部社会联系的维持，这些联系往往是人口流动和持续社会支持的关键渠道。通过利用各种方法和类型的数据，沙克纳的研究将有助于越来越多的学术机构专注于人口流动、社区形成和小规模社会中泛区域社会变革之间的相互作用。这项研究是年轻学者培训的关键组成部分，并将为一个正在进行的整合研究生和本科生研究人员的项目做出贡献。该项目的遗址和陶瓷数据将分别提供给新墨西哥州文化资源信息系统和密苏里大学考古实验室陶瓷成分数据库的其他学者。这个项目将构成博士论文的基础，以专业文章的形式进行总结，并以公开的形式呈现。这项研究还侧重于普埃布卢安祖先历史的一个关键时期，可能会引起当地部落人民的兴趣。此外，这项研究的实地工作主要是在私人土地上进行的，与当地土地所有者的持续合作为鼓励在一个快速发展的地区保护考古遗址提供了重要途径。

Under the supervision of Dr. Keith Kintigh, Gregson Schachner will conduct a research project aimed at understanding the formation of ancestral Puebloan villages in the El Morro Valley of west-central New Mexico during the AD 1200s. Prior to the thirteenth century, the El Morro Valley was used by nearby Puebloan populations as a resource gathering area and for sporadic, short-term habitation. However, by the late AD 1200s, thousands of migrant Puebloan farmers founded a series of villages and transformed the El Morro Valley into one of the largest population centers on the Colorado Plateau. Schachner's research will utilize analyses of regional settlement patterns and ceramic exchange in order to understand the process of migration and its resulting effects on community formation.The formation of social networks that structure social interaction on a local level is one of the key processes ensuring successful human settlements. The ubiquity of these networks in daily life makes their appearance seem unproblematic and timeless. However, it is during the formation of these networks that dramatic changes in community structure and traditions may occur. Schachner's research will examine the process of community formation during a period following the movement of migrant groups into an uninhabited area where few aspects of community or place had been previously defined. By focusing on the variety of ways in which communities formed under these circumstances, this project will explore how local social networks emerge, function, and are transformed through human interaction.Schachner's study will employ a two-pronged, comparative methodology focused on ancient El Morro Valley settlement patterns and ceramic exchange. Settlement pattern analyses will highlight the chronology, patterns of growth, and social scale of community formation in multiple villages. This project will also employ instrumental neutron activation analysis to track the exchange of two different ceramic types in order to assess the geographic origins of migrant populations, social diversity within newly founded communities, and the maintenance of external social ties that are often key channels of population movement and continuing social support. By utilizing a variety of methods and types of data, Schachner's study will contribute to a growing body of scholarship that focuses on the interplay between population movement, community formation, and pan-regional social transformations in small-scale societies.This research is a key component of the training of a young scholar and will contribute to an ongoing project that integrates graduate and undergraduate researchers. Site and ceramic data from this project will be available to other scholars in the New Mexico Cultural Resource Information System and the University of Missouri Archaeometry Lab ceramic compositional database, respectively. This project will form the basis of a Ph.D. dissertation, be summarized in professional articles, and presented in public formats. This study also focuses on a key period of ancestral Puebloan history and may be of interest to local tribal peoples. In addition, fieldwork for this research has been largely conducted on private lands and ongoing cooperation with local landowners provides an important avenue for encouraging archaeological site preservation in a rapidly developing area.