SGER: Morphological Impacts and Post-Storm Recovery of Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Ivan, Florida Gulf Coast

了解屏障岛屿的极端高能量风暴的影响，戏剧性的形态反应，包括在调查的性质，原因和人类活动和自然环境过程的后果的一个关键问题。 障壁岛对风暴影响的响应和风暴后的恢复受风暴强度和特征以及初始形态条件的控制。 当堰洲岛高程低于风暴潮加波浪爬高时，就会发生过冲。 在无超洗区，可能出现净离岸输送和风暴坝的形成。 2004年是历史上沿着佛罗里达墨西哥湾沿岸飓风影响最多的一年，有四次主要的飓风影响。 这项研究将量化飓风沿着佛罗里达海湾屏障岛的形态和沉积影响。 这项研究将在三个受到飓风严重影响的地区进行。 第一个研究区域位于Captiva岛，该岛屿直接受到飓风Charley的袭击和破坏。 第二个研究区域位于沿着中西部的屏障岛链，这是严重的飓风弗朗西斯，伊万和珍妮的影响。 第三个研究区位于沿着从沃尔顿堡海滩到圣乔治岛的狭长屏障岛链，直接受到伊万的影响。 在最后两个地点收集了飓风前的数据，这些数据对于量化影响至关重要。 将进行时间序列海滩剖面调查，以量化自然过程造成的地貌变化和风暴后恢复情况。 将沿着和穿过屏障岛进行风暴后沉积学研究，以检查和量化风暴沉积物的特征和空间分布。 这项研究将有助于建立一个全面的数据库，量化风暴引起的形态和沉积学的变化沿着障壁岛屿。 具体来说，将回答的科学问题包括：1）屏障岛如何应对单一和多重风暴的影响，并在其后恢复，有和没有被冲走？2)人类活动如何影响风暴的影响和恢复？3)风暴沉积物的特征是什么？控制其空间分布的因素是什么？4)哪些关键参数需要量化，以提高我们预测风暴影响和恢复的能力？飓风对沿海地貌和土地开发的影响是广为人知的问题。 2004年将作为沿着佛罗里达海岸飓风影响的历史性一年而被人们铭记。 佛罗里达以其美丽的海滩而闻名，大部分是沿着屏障岛。 这项研究的结果将通过各种媒体渠道传播给较大的沿海社区。 这项研究的一个更广泛的目标是提高公众对风暴影响和风暴后恢复的认识和理解。

Understanding the dramatic morphological responses of barrier islands to extremely high-energy storm impact consists of a crucial issue in the investigations into the nature, causes, and consequences of human activity and natural environmental processes. Barrier-island responses to storm impact and post-storm recovery are controlled by the intensity and characteristics of the storm and the initial morphological conditions. Overwash occurs where the barrier-island elevation is lower than the storm surge plus the wave run-up. While at places without overwash, net offshore transport and formation of storm bar is the likely response. Two thousand and four is a historical year for hurricane impacts along the Florida Gulf coast with four major hurricane impacts. This study will quantify the morphological and sedimentological impacts of the hurricanes along the Florida Gulf barrier islands. The study will be conducted at three areas that were significantly impacted by the hurricanes. The first study area is at Captiva Island, which was directly hit and breached by Hurricane Charley. The second study area is located along the west-central barrier-island chain, which was severely impacted by Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. The third study area is located along the panhandle barrier-island chain from Fort Walton Beach to St. George Island, which was directly impacted by Ivan. Pre-hurricane data, which are crucial for quantifying the impacts, have been collected at the last two locations. Time-series beach-profile surveys will be conducted to quantify morphological changes and post-storm recovery by natural processes. Post-storm sedimentological studies will be conducted along and across the barrier island to examine and quantify the characteristics and spatial distribution of the storm deposits. This study will contribute toward establishing a comprehensive database for quantifying storm-induced morphological and sedimentological changes along barrier islands. Specifically, the scientific questions that will be answered include 1) how does a barrier island respond to, and thereafter recover from, single and multiple storm impacts with and without being washed over? 2) how do human activities influence the storm impact and recovery? 3) what are the characteristics of the storm deposits and what are the factors controlling their spatial distribution? 4) what are the key parameters that need to be quantified to improve our ability to predict storm impact and recovery?Impacts of hurricanes to coastal morphology and land development are much publicized issues. The year 2004 will be remembered as a historical year for hurricane impacts along the Florida coasts. Florida is known for her beautiful beaches, mostly along the barrier islands. The findings of this study will be disseminated to the larger coastal communities through various media channels. A broader goal of this study is to improve the public awareness and understanding of storm impacts and post-storm recovery.