MRI: Acquisition of an Infrastructure for Real-Time Testing of Wind Effects on Structures

摘要减轻自然和人为危害将在定义美国和世界范围内的工程师的社会需求方面发挥根本作用。在过去，许多人认为按最低标准设计就能提供足够的性能。基于性能的工程（PBE）是一种由多个工程领域共享的新发展范式，它寻求基于多目标系统性能而不是传统的组件强度方法来衡量设计的充分性。到目前为止，这种模式只受到地震工程研究人员的关注。这项核磁共振奖将使科罗拉多州立大学的研究人员能够利用地震工程研究人员所学到的知识（即利用NEES IT基础设施进行测试设备连接），朝着建立基于性能的风工程（PBWE）的设计理念迈出一步。为了做到这一点，基础设施的改进，使混合时空测试风对结构的影响将获得。这将使(1)在结构上施加真实的风荷载，以及(2)在非线性存在的模拟风荷载期间耦合运动方程的左右两侧成为可能。这两种功能对于下一代设计理念来说都是必不可少的。具体来说，基于性能的风工程（PBWE）将成为一种新的范例，它将专注于限制损伤的设计和新结构的建造以及在风荷载下对现有结构的改造。这种设计理念仅仅处于概念阶段，对其优点和可能性的研究才刚刚开始。目前，开始发展这种理念所需的实验室基础设施在几个主要领域缺乏：(1)实验室测试必须能够模拟材料和几何非线性，例如与变形相关的结构阻尼和与风敏感结构的大空气动力学响应相关的气动弹性效应；(2)在PBWE的开发过程中，必须能够在实验室中对主动控制和补充阻尼系统等新技术进行建模；(3)需要进行大量的测试，以使研究人员能够向美国和世界各地的社区正式提出发展PBWE哲学的建议。经济（有时是实验室）的限制使得这种数量的测试不切实际。然而，如果启用混合测试和分析，测试成本将降低到当前成本的一小部分。通过收购连接科罗拉多州立大学风工程与流体实验室和结构工程实验室的基础设施，这些测试和分析缺陷将得到缓解，从而使研究和教育工具能够解决风/结构工程综合问题。为了做到这一点，将购买五个仪器组件：风压测量系统，高性能DAQ/IO接口，执行器套件，执行器控制系统和集成这些组件的计算机网络系统。这项核磁共振奖的更广泛影响在于：(1)系统地解决现有结构设计规范的缺陷，(2)为基于性能的风力工程的出现提供技术实验基础设施。这两种更广泛的影响将带来更安全、更实惠的建筑，包括单户和多户住宅，以及中高层建筑。更广泛的影响是，为地震台网（NEES）与其他工程（如结构风工程）的联系而开发的系统之间的信息技术交叉。该MRI奖的智力价值包括：(1)在几何和/或材料非线性存在的情况下通过实验解决运动方程的能力；(2)进行时空混合测试的能力。这些都没有完成结构的风荷载，阻碍了世界范围内的新概念和方法。

ABSTRACTMitigation of natural and human-induced hazards will play a fundamental role in defining what society demands of engineers in the U.S. and worldwide. In the past, designing to a minimum standard was believed by many to provide adequate performance. A new developing paradigm, shared by several engineering fields, is performance based engineering (PBE), which seeks to measure design adequacy based on multi-objective system performance rather than the traditional component strength approach. To date, this paradigm has only received attention by earthquake engineering researchers. This MRI award will enable researchers at Colorado State University to take a step toward establishing a design philosophy for performance-based wind engineering (PBWE) by utilizing what has been learned by earthquake engineering researchers (i.e. utilizing the NEES IT infrastructurefor test equipment linkage). In order to do this, an infrastructure improvement to enable hybrid spatiotemporal testing of wind effects on structures will be acquired. This will make it possible to (1) apply realistic wind loads on structures, and (2) couple the left and right sides of the equation of motion during simulated wind loading in the presence of nonlinearities. Both these capabilities are essential for this next generation of design philosophies. Specifically, performance-based wind engineering (PBWE) is to be a new paradigm that will focus on damage-limiting design and construction of new as well as renovation of existing structures subjected to wind load. This design philosophy is barely at the conceptual stage and research on its merits and possibilities has just begun. At the current time the laboratory infrastructure necessary to begin the development of such a philosophy is deficient in several major areas: (1) laboratory tests must be able to model material and geometric nonlinearities, for example deformation dependent structural damping and aeroelastic effects associated with large aerodynamic response of wind-sensitive structures; (2) within the development of PBWE, new technologies such as active control and supplemental damping systems, must be able to be modeled in the laboratory; and (3) a significant number of tests will need to be conducted to allow researchers to formalize a proposal for development of a PBWE philosophy to the U.S. and world-wide communities. Economic (and sometimes laboratory) constraints make this number of tests impractical. However, if hybrid testing and analysis is enabled, testing costs would be reduced to a fraction of their current cost. These testing and analysis deficiencies will be mitigated through the acquisition of an infrastructure that will link Colorado State University's Wind Engineering and Fluids Laboratory and Structural Engineering Laboratory, thus enabling the research and education tools to solve combined wind/structural engineering problems. In order to do this five instrumentation components: A wind pressure measurement system, high performance DAQ/IO Interface, actuator suite, actuator control system, and a computer network system to integrate these components will be purchased.The broader impact of this MRI award is the ability to (1) systematically address existing structural design code deficiencies, and (2) provide the technological experimental infrastructure for the emergence of performance-based wind engineering. Both these broader impacts will lead to safer and more affordable structures, including single and multi-family dwellings, and mid and high-rise buildings. The still broader impact is the technological crossover of information between a system that was developed for the linkage of an earthquake network (NEES) to other strains of engineering such as structural wind engineering.The intellectual merit of this MRI award includes (1) the ability to experimentally solve the equation of motion in the presence of geometric and/or material nonlinearities and (2) the ability to perform spatio-temporal hybrid tests. Neither of these have been accomplished for wind loading of structures, hindering new concepts and methodologies worldwide.