NEESR SG; NEESWood: Development of a Performance-Based Seismic Design Philosophy for Mid-Rise Woodframe Construction

摘要：虽然木结构在历史上在中高地震活动性地区的生命安全方面表现良好，但这些低层结构在最近的地震中遭受了重大的结构和非结构破坏。由于缺乏对高层（中层）木框架结构的动态响应的理解，非结构限制，如材料防火要求，以及对非结构饰面潜在损害的考虑，目前木框架结构的高度限制在大约四层。目前世界各地对工程木结构的建筑规范要求并不是基于全球抗震设计理念。相反，木构件彼此独立设计，而不考虑其刚度和强度对结构系统其他结构构件的影响。此外，木结构结构在地震中产生的荷载路径还不是很清楚。这些因素，而不是经济上的考虑，限制了木材在低层建筑中的使用，并降低了美国和国外木材工业相对于钢铁和混凝土工业的经济竞争力。该项目将开发一种基于性能的抗震设计（PBSD）理念，以安全地增加美国活跃地震带的木结构高度，并减轻对低层木结构的破坏。在第一年，将使用NEES SUNY-Buffalo设备现场的两个三维振动台对两层木结构联排别墅进行全尺寸地震基准测试。作为在美国进行的最大的全尺寸三维振动台试验，试验结果将作为木结构性能和木结构抗震分析非线性模型的基准。这些高效的分析工具将为构建PBSD哲学提供一个平台。PBSD方法将依赖于关键性能要求的开发，例如限制层间变形。该方法将结合使用经济的地震保护系统，如补充阻尼器和基础隔离系统，以进一步增加能量耗散能力和/或增加木结构建筑的自然寿命。实时混合测试将通过将布法罗NEES振动台上的固定基础联排别墅结构与缩小比例的基础隔离轴承连接起来进行，同时在伦斯勒理工学院的一个较小的振动台上进行测试。这种新的PBSD程序的社会影响，旨在增加配备经济地震保护系统的木结构结构的高度，也将被调查。一旦中高层木结构的PBSD理念被开发出来，它将被应用于中高层（五层或六层）多户住宅木结构公寓的抗震设计。这个中层木结构结构将在日本三木市的日本E-Defense振动台上进行一系列全尺寸振动台测试。为了适应中高层建筑的高度和有效载荷，有必要使用世界上最大的三维振动台E-Defense振动台。美国和国际地震工程界将要求在这一系列试验期间进行有效载荷项目。NEESWood的智力价值在于开发了一种新的设计理念，为中层木结构建筑的设计提供了一个合乎逻辑的、经济的基础。NEESWood更广泛的影响是，它将为木结构建筑的抗震设计以及结构系统的全面地震测试提供开创性的进步，包括两个地点之间的动态分布测试。当这一挑战得到成功解决时，在美国和世界各地的地震地区，中层木结构建筑可能是一种经济选择。

Abstract - 0529903, van de LindtWhile woodframe structures have historically performed well with regard to life safety in regions of moderate to high seismicity, these low-rise structures have sustained significant structural and non-structural damage in recent earthquakes. The height of woodframe construction is currently limited to approximately four stories, due to the lack of understanding of the dynamic response of taller (mid-rise) woodframe construction, non-structural limitations such as material fire requirements, and potential damage considerations for non-structural finishes. Current building code requirements for engineered wood construction around the world are not based on a global seismic design philosophy. Instead, wood elements are designed independently of each other without consideration of the influence that their stiffness and strength have on the other structural components of the structural system. Furthermore, load paths in woodframe construction arising during earthquake shaking are not well understood. These factors, rather than economic considerations, have limited the use of wood to low-rise construction and have reduced the economical competitiveness of the wood industry in the United States and abroad relative to the steel and concrete industries. This project will develop a performance-based seismic design (PBSD) philosophy to safely increase the height of woodframe structures in active seismic zones of the United States as well as mitigating damage to low-rise woodframe structures. During year one, full-scale seismic benchmark tests of a two-story woodframe townhouse will be performed using the two three-dimensional shake tables at the NEES SUNY-Buffalo equipment site. As the largest full-scale, three-dimensional shake table test performed in the United States, the test results will serve as a benchmark for both woodframe performance and nonlinear models for seismic analysis of woodframe structures. These efficient analysis tools will provide a platform upon which to build the PBSD philosophy. The PBSD methodology will rely on the development of key performance requirements such as limiting interstory deformations. The method will incorporate the use of economical seismic protection systems such as supplemental dampers and base isolation systems in order to further increase energy dissipation capacity and/or increase the natural period of the woodframe buildings. A real-time hybrid test will be performed by linking the fixed-based townhouse structure on the Buffalo NEES shake table with a reduced scale base isolation bearing tested simultaneously on a smaller shake table at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The societal impacts of this new PBSD procedure, aimed at increasing the height of woodframe structures equipped with economical seismic protection systems, will also be investigated. Once the PBSD philosophy for mid-rise woodframe structures has been developed, it will be applied to the seismic design of a mid-rise (five or six-story) multi-family residential woodframe apartment building. This mid-rise woodframe structure will be constructed and tested at full-scale in a series of shake table tests on the Japanese E-Defense shake table in Miki City, Japan. The use of the E-Defense shake table, the largest 3-D shake table in the world, is necessary to accommodate the height and payload of the mid-rise building. There will be a request in the United States and in the international earthquake engineering community for payload projects to be conducted during this series of tests. The intellectual merit of NEESWood is the development of a new design philosophy that will provide a logical, economical basis for the design of mid-rise woodframe construction. The broader impacts of NEESWood are that it will provide a seminal advancement in seismic design of woodframe construction as well as the full-scale seismic testing of structural systems including dynamic distributed testing between two sites. When this challenge is successfully met, mid-rise woodframe construction may be an economic option in seismic regions around the United States and the world.