Collaborative Research: Fundamental Mechanics and Conditional Probabilities for Prediction of Hurricane Surge and Wave Loads on Elevated Coastal Structures

在伊万飓风(2004年)、卡特里娜飓风(2005年)和艾克飓风(2008年)以及最近的桑迪(2012年)等事件中，浪涌和海浪共同作用对沿海建筑物造成的破坏十分严重。美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸有超过3T美元的已建基础设施，沿海地区的高架建筑正变得越来越常见，因为建筑利益相关者寻求减少损失以及财产和结构损失的风险。目前，还没有精确的力学方程来计算浪涌和波浪对这类高架结构的联合作用力，也没有综合的方法来一致地考虑入射波浪的随机性质的变异性(不确定性)。该项目将继续进行研究，重点是风暴潮和波浪荷载对高架沿海结构物的影响。最终目标是了解和量化建筑物和构筑物上的浪涌和波浪荷载，这些荷载可以用来减轻对沿海建筑物的破坏。将使用一种基于物理的理论方法来模拟水和海岸结构之间的相互作用。分析公式将通过在波浪水池中的小规模实验测试来验证。风暴潮和海浪的影响将在概率的基础上制定。俄勒冈州立大学和科罗拉多州立大学的研究团队合作的这个项目将结合海岸工程和结构工程方面的专业知识，以开发对高架结构上的风暴潮和波浪荷载的基本理解和建模。目标是减轻极端沿海风暴对海岸线基础设施的破坏。解析公式将建立在Goda计算高架海岸结构物上的涌浪力的方法上，并将扩展到包括波浪力。将采用概率方法来组合浪涌载荷和波浪载荷。将使用水动力飓风波和结构相互作用来确定对这些类型的结构的荷载。该公式将通过使用波浪水池的小比例结构模型的实验来验证。该合作项目将有助于理解波浪和浪涌载荷，并开发高架结构上抬起、冲击和倾覆载荷的预测方程。

Damage to coastal structures as a result of combined surge and wave loading has been significant in recent events such as Hurricane Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008) and most recently Sandy (2012). There is over $3T in built infrastructure along the US East and Gulf coasts, and elevated structures along coastal areas are becoming more commonplace as building stakeholders seek to mitigate damage and risk of property and structure loss. Currently, there are no accurate mechanics equations to compute the forces for combined surge and wave on these types of elevated structures and no comprehensive method to consistently account for the variability (uncertainty) in the random nature of the incoming waves. This project will pursue research that focuses on the impact of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated coastal structures. The ultimate goal is to understand and quantify surge and wave loads on buildings and structures that can be used to mitigate damage to the coastal structures. A theoretical approach based on physics will be used to model the interaction between the water and coastal structure. The analytical formulation will be validated through small scale experimental testing in a wave tank. Storm surge and wave impacts will be formulated on a probabilistic basis. The results of the research can lead to performance based requirements in building standards.This collaborative project between research teams at Oregon State University and Colorado State University will combine expertise in coastal engineering and structural engineering to develop a fundamental understanding and modeling of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated structures. The goal is to mitigate damages to shoreline infrastructures from extreme coastal storms. The analytical formulation will be built on Goda's method for calculating surge forces on elevated coastal structures and will be extended to incorporate wave forces. A probabilistic approach will be taken to combine surge and wave loads. Hydrodynamic hurricane wave and structure interaction will be used to formulate loading on these types of structures. The formulation will be validated with experiments on small scale structure models using a wave tank. The collaborative project will contribute to understanding of wave and surge loads and develop predictive equations for uplift, impact and overturning loads on elevated structures.