Collaborative Research: Fundamental Mechanics and Conditional Probabilities for Prediction of Hurricane Surge and Wave Loads on Elevated Coastal Structures

在最近的事件中，如伊万飓风（2004年）、卡特里娜飓风（2005年）和艾克飓风（2008年）以及最近的桑迪飓风（2012年），由于浪涌和波浪载荷的联合作用而对沿海结构造成的破坏非常严重。 美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸沿着建造的基础设施超过3万亿美元，随着建筑利益相关者寻求减轻财产和结构损失的损害和风险，沿岸地区沿着的高架结构变得越来越普遍。 目前，没有精确的力学方程来计算这些类型的高架结构上的组合浪涌和波浪的力，也没有综合的方法来一致地解释入射波的随机性质的可变性（不确定性）。该项目将致力于研究飓风浪涌和波浪载荷对高架沿海结构的影响。 最终目标是了解和量化建筑物和结构物上的浪涌和波浪载荷，这些载荷可用于减轻对沿海结构物的破坏。基于物理学的理论方法将用于模拟水和海岸结构之间的相互作用。分析公式将通过在波浪水槽中的小规模实验测试进行验证。风暴潮和波浪影响将在概率基础上进行表述。研究结果可以导致性能为基础的要求，在建筑标准。这个合作项目之间的研究小组在俄勒冈州州立大学和科罗拉多州州立大学将联合收割机在海岸工程和结构工程的专业知识，以发展一个基本的理解和建模的飓风涌浪和波浪荷载的高架结构。目标是减轻极端沿海风暴对海岸线基础设施的破坏。 分析公式将建立在戈达的方法，用于计算高架海岸结构物上的浪涌力，并将扩展到包括波浪力。将采用概率方法来组合联合收割机浪涌和波浪载荷。流体动力学飓风波和结构相互作用将被用来制定这些类型的结构上的负载。该公式将通过波浪水槽在小尺度结构模型上的实验进行验证。该合作项目将有助于理解波浪和浪涌载荷，并为高架结构上的隆起、冲击和倾覆载荷开发预测方程。

Damage to coastal structures as a result of combined surge and wave loading has been significant in recent events such as Hurricane Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008) and most recently Sandy (2012). There is over $3T in built infrastructure along the US East and Gulf coasts, and elevated structures along coastal areas are becoming more commonplace as building stakeholders seek to mitigate damage and risk of property and structure loss. Currently, there are no accurate mechanics equations to compute the forces for combined surge and wave on these types of elevated structures and no comprehensive method to consistently account for the variability (uncertainty) in the random nature of the incoming waves. This project will pursue research that focuses on the impact of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated coastal structures. The ultimate goal is to understand and quantify surge and wave loads on buildings and structures that can be used to mitigate damage to the coastal structures. A theoretical approach based on physics will be used to model the interaction between the water and coastal structure. The analytical formulation will be validated through small scale experimental testing in a wave tank. Storm surge and wave impacts will be formulated on a probabilistic basis. The results of the research can lead to performance based requirements in building standards.This collaborative project between research teams at Oregon State University and Colorado State University will combine expertise in coastal engineering and structural engineering to develop a fundamental understanding and modeling of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated structures. The goal is to mitigate damages to shoreline infrastructures from extreme coastal storms. The analytical formulation will be built on Goda's method for calculating surge forces on elevated coastal structures and will be extended to incorporate wave forces. A probabilistic approach will be taken to combine surge and wave loads. Hydrodynamic hurricane wave and structure interaction will be used to formulate loading on these types of structures. The formulation will be validated with experiments on small scale structure models using a wave tank. The collaborative project will contribute to understanding of wave and surge loads and develop predictive equations for uplift, impact and overturning loads on elevated structures.