Collaborative Research: Fundamental Mechanics and Conditional Probabilities for Prediction of Hurricane Surge and Wave Loads on Elevated Coastal Structures

在最近的事件中，如2004年的“伊万”飓风、2005年的“卡特里娜”飓风和2008年的“艾克”飓风，以及最近的2012年的“桑迪”飓风，风暴潮和波浪载荷对海岸结构造成的破坏非常严重。美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸的基础设施建设超过3万亿美元，随着建筑利益相关者寻求减轻财产和结构损失的损害和风险，沿海地区的高架结构正变得越来越普遍。目前，还没有精确的力学方程来计算这些类型的高架结构上的浪涌和波浪联合作用的力，也没有综合的方法来一致地解释入射波的随机性中的可变性（不确定性）。该项目将重点研究飓风风暴潮和波浪荷载对沿海高架结构的影响。最终目标是了解和量化建筑物和结构上的浪涌和波浪荷载，这些荷载可以用来减轻对海岸结构的破坏。基于物理学的理论方法将用于模拟水和海岸结构之间的相互作用。分析公式将通过波浪槽的小规模实验测试进行验证。风暴潮和海浪的影响将在概率的基础上制定。研究的结果可以导致建筑标准中基于性能的要求。俄勒冈州立大学和科罗拉多州立大学的研究团队将结合海岸工程和结构工程方面的专业知识，对高架结构上的飓风风暴潮和波浪荷载进行基本的理解和建模。其目标是减轻极端沿海风暴对海岸线基础设施的破坏。分析公式将建立在Goda计算高架海岸结构上的浪涌力的方法上，并将扩展到包括波浪力。将采用概率方法来结合浪涌和波浪荷载。水动力飓风波和结构的相互作用将被用来制定这些类型的结构的荷载。该公式将通过使用波浪槽的小尺度结构模型实验进行验证。该合作项目将有助于理解波浪和浪涌荷载，并为高架结构的隆起、冲击和倾覆荷载开发预测方程。

Damage to coastal structures as a result of combined surge and wave loading has been significant in recent events such as Hurricane Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008) and most recently Sandy (2012). There is over $3T in built infrastructure along the US East and Gulf coasts, and elevated structures along coastal areas are becoming more commonplace as building stakeholders seek to mitigate damage and risk of property and structure loss. Currently, there are no accurate mechanics equations to compute the forces for combined surge and wave on these types of elevated structures and no comprehensive method to consistently account for the variability (uncertainty) in the random nature of the incoming waves. This project will pursue research that focuses on the impact of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated coastal structures. The ultimate goal is to understand and quantify surge and wave loads on buildings and structures that can be used to mitigate damage to the coastal structures. A theoretical approach based on physics will be used to model the interaction between the water and coastal structure. The analytical formulation will be validated through small scale experimental testing in a wave tank. Storm surge and wave impacts will be formulated on a probabilistic basis. The results of the research can lead to performance based requirements in building standards.This collaborative project between research teams at Oregon State University and Colorado State University will combine expertise in coastal engineering and structural engineering to develop a fundamental understanding and modeling of hurricane surge and wave loads on elevated structures. The goal is to mitigate damages to shoreline infrastructures from extreme coastal storms. The analytical formulation will be built on Goda's method for calculating surge forces on elevated coastal structures and will be extended to incorporate wave forces. A probabilistic approach will be taken to combine surge and wave loads. Hydrodynamic hurricane wave and structure interaction will be used to formulate loading on these types of structures. The formulation will be validated with experiments on small scale structure models using a wave tank. The collaborative project will contribute to understanding of wave and surge loads and develop predictive equations for uplift, impact and overturning loads on elevated structures.