The Oceans and Human Health, Oceanography, Vol 19, No 2

12亿立方公里的海洋是地球动态气候系统的主要组成部分。特别是只占全球海洋面积约10%的沿海海洋，是美国和其他沿海国家人类居住的主要地带。海洋边缘作为捕捞鱼类、开采砂石、废物处理、碳氢化合物开采和娱乐等活动的地点，在经济上具有重要意义。特别是在沿海地区，人类对海洋的影响，以及海洋对人类的影响，都得到了强烈的感受。在这一奖项的资助下，海洋学会(TOS)将出版一期海洋学杂志特刊，专门介绍新设立的研究领域--海洋与人类健康。这些论文将向一组世界级的专家征集，将向读者介绍这一非常重要的主题的重要问题和正在进行的研究范围。这期特刊的第一篇论文将描述跨学科比较研究的重要性，并将概述问题，强调其风险和好处。在对这些问题进行总体说明之后，将编写一份文件，审查现有的国家和国际预测和建模系统以及灾害应对措施。接下来的几篇论文将描述各种自然事件及其在海洋和人类健康中的作用：飓风和海啸；全球变化；以及大气问题(如灰尘)。接下来将讨论人类对海洋的干预及其对水质和人类健康的影响：海岸影响、污染物和有害的藻类水华。最后，海洋和人类健康问题的积极方面将在关于海洋惠益的文件中阐述，例如新的药品和有用的化合物。每篇文章都将包括一个案例研究，展示一个具体的主题，例如，卡特里娜飓风、霍乱、因纽特人和水银，以及气溶胶HAB研究。一些重大的更广泛的影响即将到来。海洋学会的主要使命之一是促进跨学科的理解和互动。学会实现这一目标的方法之一是出版其杂志《海洋学》的特刊。特刊可以从许多不同的角度报道单一主题。文章是用广大科学读者可以理解的语言写的，也是有科学素养的非专业人士。这样，科学家之间的进一步讨论和发现成为可能，信息可以很容易地被决策者提取和使用。《海洋学》每年出版四次(3月、6月、9月、12月)，问题发给全球海洋观测系统的成员以及主要海洋机构的图书馆。TOS成员代表了海洋学和海洋技术的所有学科。大约15%的成员是来自38个国家的非美国科学家和机构。特别是对于这个特殊的问题，科学管理者

The 1.2 billion cubic kilometers of ocean are a major component of Earth's dynamic climate system. The coastal ocean, in particular, which occupies only about 10% of the global ocean area, is the primary zone of human habitation in the United States and other coastal nations. The ocean margins are economically important as the location of activities such as fish harvest, sand and gravel mining, waste disposal, hydrocarbon extraction, and recreation. In the coastal zone in particular, the influence of humans on the ocean, and the oceans on humans, is strongly felt by each.With funding from this award, The Oceanography Society (TOS) will publish a special issue of Oceanography magazine dedicated to the newly established research field of "the ocean and human health. These papers, which will be solicited from a group of world-class experts, will inform readers about the important issues and range of research being conducted on this very important topic. The initial paper in this special issue will describe the importance of interdisciplinary, comparative studies and will outline the issues, emphasizing their risks and benefits. Following overall description of the issues will be a paper that reviews the existing national and international forecasting and modeling systems and disaster response. The next several papers will describe various natural events and their role in the oceans and human health: hurricanes and tsunamis; global change; and atmospheric issues (e.g., dust). Human intervention in the oceans and their impact on water quality and human health will be covered next: coastal impacts, pollutants, and harmful algal blooms. Lastly, the positive side of the oceans and human health issue will be covered in papers on the benefits from the seas, such as new pharmaceuticals and useful chemical compounds. Each article will include a case study that will showcase a specific topic, for example, Hurricane Katrina, cholera, Inuits and mercury, and aerosol HAB research.A number of significant broader impacts will be forthcoming. One of the principal missions of The Oceanography Society is to foster cross-disciplinary understanding and interaction. One of the ways the Society achieves this goal is through publishing special issues of its magazine, Oceanography. Special issues enable coverage of a single theme from many different angles. Articles are written in language that is accessible to a broad scientific audience, and also scientifically literate non-specialists. In this way, further discussion and discovery among scientists are enabled, and information can be easily extracted and used by decision-makers. Oceanography is published four times per year (March, June, September, December), with issues going to the membership of TOS worldwide as well as to libraries at major oceanographic institutions. TOS membership represents all disciplines of oceanography as well as ocean technology. Approximately 15% of its members are non-US scientists and institutions from 38 countries. For this special issue in particular, scientific managers