A New Approach to Inference of Sex-Biased Migration from X-Chromosomal and Autosomal Population-Genetic Data

智力优势：该项目将发展一种人口遗传学方法，利用X染色体和常染色体的遗传变异来比较男性和女性的迁移率。罗森博格博士将设计一个人口迁移之后的分化数学模型，允许不同数量的男性和女性迁移，以及不同的男性和女性有效人口规模。该模型将允许预测在不同情况下可能观察到的不同种群的变化模式。罗森博格博士计划将这种方法应用到全球53个族群的1048个个体样本中的40个x染色体和783个常染色体标记的大型数据集上，以确定世界范围内以及各个大陆内男性和女性迁移的相对水平。综上所述，该项目的目的如下：发展一个种群遗传模型，预测常染色体和X染色体位点的种群分化水平作为雄性和雌性种群规模和迁移率的功能。2. 将Aim 1模型应用于全基因组常染色体和x染色体标记，以推断男性和女性迁移的相对水平。更广泛的影响：本科生、研究生和博士后的培训将是这个项目的核心。该研究还将通过不同学术背景的人员之间的合作，促进跨学科学习。研究结果将通过科学出版物和在全国科学会议、部门和跨部门务虚会、期刊俱乐部和专题讨论会上的演讲来传播。Rosenberg博士将确保项目的每个参与者都将学会组织和向同事和学生展示科学成果。最后，该项目有望在科学界和社会上引起广泛的兴趣，因为它开发了理解基本进化过程工作方式的方法，并将阐明人类进化史的重要方面。

Intellectual Merit: This project will develop a population-genetic approach that uses genetic variation in the X and autosomal chromosomes to compare male and female migration rates. Dr. Rosenberg will devise a mathematical model of divergence followed by migration among populations, allowing for different amounts of male and female migration, as well as different male and female effective population sizes. The model will allow predictions about what patterns of variation across populations might be observed in different scenarios. Dr Rosenberg plans to apply this method to a large data set of 40 X-chromosomal and 783 autosomal markers in a global sample of 1048 individuals from 53 populations in order to determine the relative levels of male and female migration both worldwide as well as within individual continents. In summary, the aims of the project are as follows: 1. Develop a population-genetic model that predicts levels of population divergence at autosomal and X- chromosomal loci as functions of male and female population sizes and migration rates. 2. Apply the model of Aim 1 to genome-wide autosomal and X-chromosomal markers in worldwide human populations to infer the relative levels of male and female migration. Broader impact: Undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral training will be central to this project. The research will also promote cross-disciplinary learning by involving cooperation among personnel with different academic backgrounds. Results will be disseminated via scientific publications and through presentations at national scientific meetings and departmental and cross-departmental retreats, journal clubs, and symposia. Dr. Rosenberg will ensure that each participant in the project will learn to organize and present scientific results to colleagues and students. Finally, the project is expected to be of broad interest both within science and in society in general, as it develops approaches to understanding the way basic evolutionary processes work, and it will illuminate important aspects of human evolutionary history.