Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Resistance, Persistence, and Culture Change at a Historic Period Inland Chumash Village

在珍妮·阿诺德博士的指导下，朱莉安·伯纳德将分析在塔什利本村及其邻近遗址挖掘所收集的考古材料。塔什利潘是位于圣埃米吉迪奥峡谷的一个内陆丘马什村庄，在历史时代，圣埃米吉迪奥峡谷是进入加州中央山谷南端的主要通道。在加州西班牙传教期间和之后，这一地区成为沿海加州原住民的避难地，他们希望逃离传教，避免殖民存在，回归传统生活方式，并重新获得政治自治。由于这一地区很难旅行，而且往往很危险，西班牙来源留下的关于生活在这一地区的当地人的历史记载很少。因此，考古数据是了解这些人的日常生活是什么样子的唯一手段，并了解他们与西班牙人的互动和他们在传教中的生活导致他们的文化发生了怎样的变化。这项研究不仅将扩大该地区的历史知识，而且将有助于以人类学方法研究文化如何变化以及为什么变化，特别是在殖民主义的背景下。研究这起任务逃兵的案例可以帮助我们理解抵抗运动和抵抗心态在刺激、引导甚至防止日常生活发生变化方面所起的作用。来自圣埃米吉迪奥峡谷三个遗址的考古材料为研究从史前到任务结束时期的广泛文化变迁提供了机会。对丰富的食物残留物的分析将根据新的和引进的驯养动植物对环境和文化的影响来说明生存战略的变化。对贸易物品(包括欧洲和本土)的类型和原产地的调查将反映不断变化的物质文化偏好和区域一级的关系，在某些情况下，它们可能被用来衡量选择物品是因为它们是实用的，还是因为它们具有象征意义。除了它在历史和人类学方面的贡献外，这个项目还将产生一些超出学术界的影响。这项研究的结果将被包括在网站附近的一个解释站，该地区每年将有数千名小学生以及普通公众成员访问该站。还将在南加州的公共论坛上介绍研究结果。实地和实验室部分为Bernard女士以及来自不同机构的30多名学生和项目咨询的Tejon印第安人乐队成员提供了考古培训。最终的解释将在伯纳德的论文中正式提出，以及在同行评议的期刊文章和州和全国会议上的陈述中提出。

Under the guidance of Dr. Jeanne Arnold, Julienne Bernard will analyze archaeological materials collected through excavation at the village of Tashlipun and its neighboring sites. Tashlipun is an Inland Chumash village located in the San Emigdio Canyon, a main passage into the southern end of California's Central Valley in the Historic era. During and after the California Spanish mission period, this area became a region of refuge for coastal Native Californians who wished to escape the missions, avoid the colonial presence, return to traditional ways of life, and regain political autonomy. Because this area was difficult and often dangerous to travel in, Spanish sources left very few historical accounts of native people living in this region. As a result, archaeological data are the only means of understanding what the daily lives of these people were like and gaining insight into how their culture changed as a result of their interactions with the Spanish and their lives in the missions. This research not only will expand on historical knowledge of the region but also will contribute to anthropological approaches to the study of how and why cultures change, particularly in the context of colonialism. Studying this case of mission deserters can help us understand the role that resistance movements and resistive mindsets can play in stimulating, guiding, or even preventing changes in everyday lifeways. The archaeological materials from three sites in the San Emigdio Canyon provide the opportunity to study a wide range of cultural changes from prehistory to the post-mission period. Analysis of abundant food remains will demonstrate changes in subsistence strategies in light of the environmental and cultural impacts of new and introduced domesticated plants and animals. Inquiry into the type and origin of trade items (both European and native) will reflect changing material culture preferences and regional-level relationships, and in some cases, they may be used to gauge whether objects were chosen because they were practical or because they were symbolically meaningful. In addition to its historical and anthropological contributions, this project will have a number of impacts that reach beyond the academic community. The results of this research will be included in an interpretive station near the site which will be visited by thousands of elementary school students from the region every year as well as members of the general public. There will also be presentations of the research findings at public forums in southern California. The field and laboratory components have provided archaeological training for Ms. Bernard as well as over 30 students from various institutions and members of the Tejon Band of Indians, with whom the project consults. Final interpretations will be formally presented in Bernard's dissertation, as well as in peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at state and national conferences.