Der Einfluss der Gesundheit und gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen auf die sportliche Aktivität im mittleren und höheren Erwachsenenalter

在研究项目的第一个资助阶段，确定了由于健康变化而导致的体育锻炼的变化，并分析了开始或保持体育锻炼的条件、目标群体和可能的措施。第一个筹资阶段的一个关键成果是，健康是开始和保持体育锻炼的先决条件。一项平行进行的定性研究在慢性病患者中确定了4种类型的运动。在这方面，还确定了锻炼的各种障碍和停止锻炼的原因。健康-锻炼-传记调查(HeBS)为第一个筹资阶段以外的分析提供了非常大的潜力。因此，建议对运动与健康之间的关系进行进一步研究，以资助第二阶段。另外三个主要领域的研究计划使用不同的方法和途径。第一个这样的分析领域是患有和没有慢性病的个人的运动依从性。鉴于HeBS中医生发布的疾病传记和针对特定疾病的建议文档非常丰富，HeBS调查能够根据健康状况、患有各种慢性病的个人以及没有慢性病的受试者的遵守程度对医疗锻炼建议进行高度差异化的分析。建议调查各种疾病的存在对医生建议锻炼的倾向和患者遵守这些建议的倾向的影响。另一个研究问题涉及“非常好”的健康状况的原因。当个人将自己的健康描述为“非常好”时，他们会将其归因于什么？在这方面特别令人感兴趣的是，这一群体的成员是否以及以何种方式认为体育活动是相关的。关于要审议的第三个研究问题，建议将HeBS数据与区域数据联系起来。由于健康对锻炼的影响在一定程度上取决于各自地理区域的社会结构，因此将使用多层次分析来评估健康指标、社会人口变量(个人特征)和社会空间特征(如社区规模、人口密度)对锻炼和锻炼习惯变化的影响。

In the first funding phase of the research project, changes in physical exercise as a consequence of changes in health are identified and the conditions, target groups and possible measures predictive of initiating or maintaining physical exercise are analyzed. A key outcome of the first funding phase is that health is a precondition for initiating and maintaining physical exercise. A qualitative study conducted in parallel identified 4 types of exercises among people with chronic disease. Various barriers to exercising and reasons for cessation of exercise were also identified in this context. The Health-Exercise-Biography Survey (HEBS) offers very significant potential for analysis beyond the first funding phase. Therefore, further investigations into the relationship between exercise and health are proposed for funding phase 2. Research in another three main areas is planned using various methods and approaches.The first such area of analysis is the exercise compliance of individuals with and without chronic diseases. In view of the extensive documentation of disease biographies and disease-specific documentation of exercise recommendations issued by doctors in the HEBS, the HEBS survey enables highly differentiated analysis of medical exercise recommendations as a function of health status, and levels of compliance by individuals with a wide variety of chronic diseases as well as subjects with no chronic diseases. It is proposed to investigate the effect of the presence of various diseases on the propensity of doctors to recommend exercise and the propensity of patients to comply with those recommendations. Another research question concerns the reasons for "very good" health status. When individuals describe their health as "very good," what do they attribute it to? Of special interest in this context is whether and in what way members of this population consider physical activity to be relevant. With regard to the third research question to be considered, it is proposed to link HEBS data with regional data. As the impact of health on exercise depends to an extent on the social structure of the respective geographical area, multilevel analysis will be used to assess the impact of health indicators, sociodemographic variables (personal characteristics) and socio-spatial characteristics (e.g. community size, population density) on exercise and changes in exercise habits.