Implicit Stereotyping and Prejudice: Strategies and Processes of Change

这个项目利用了当前社会心理学对内隐态度的理解。 内隐过程的研究在刻板印象和偏见领域特别普遍，研究人员已经确定，内隐激活的态度和联想可能与显式激活的态度一致或明显矛盾。 例如，白色人的明确态度可能会导致他们拥护平等主义和对非裔美国人的无偏见态度。然而，各种认知，动机和社会过程可以同时导致消极的内隐态度和刻板印象协会有关的非洲裔美国人。这些关联与许多领域的歧视性结果有关，包括教育、心理健康、就业结果、医疗保健和警务。因此，了解如何改变内隐偏见不仅对我们的态度知识的进步至关重要，而且对减少内隐偏见的普遍后果也至关重要。 这项研究的目的是提高对改变内隐态度的不同策略的潜在有效性的理解，通过这些策略带来的变化的时间过程和持续性，以及通过这些策略实现变化的潜在过程。 此外，本研究还考察了内隐偏见减少策略在短期和长期背景下对判断和评价行为结果的影响，以及种族间的相互作用。第一组实验考察了白人群体间偏见减少策略的有效性。第二组实验考察了变革策略对判断和评估行为结果的影响。 最后一组实验的重点是内隐偏见的刻板印象群体的成员之间的变化的结果有负面的内隐偏见与自己的群体。 最终，这项研究将通过提供和测试一个内隐偏见变化的框架，推进当前对自动和受控过程相互作用的理解。

This project capitalizes upon current understanding of implicit attitudes in social psychology. The study of implicit processes has been especially prevalent in the area of stereotyping and prejudice where researchers have determined that attitudes and associations activated implicitly may be consistent with or strikingly contradictory to attitudes activated explicitly. For example, White people's explicit attitudes may lead them to espouse egalitarian and non-prejudiced attitudes toward African Americans. However, various cognitive, motivational and social processes can simultaneously lead to negative implicit attitudes and stereotypic associations in relation to African Americans. These associations have been linked to discriminatory outcomes in many domains, including education, psychological health, employment outcomes, medical care, and policing. Therefore, understanding how implicit biases can be changed is critically important not only for advances in our knowledge of attitudes, but also for reducing the pervasive consequences of implicit prejudice. The purpose of the research in this grant is to improve understanding of the potential effectiveness of different strategies for changing implicit attitudes, the time course and persistence of change brought about through these strategies, as well as the underlying processes through which change may be achieved. In addition, the research examines the effects of implicit bias reduction strategies on judgmental and evaluative behavioral outcomes in short and long term contexts, and with respect to interracial interactions. The first set of experiments examines the effectiveness of intergroup bias reduction strategies among Whites. The second set of experiments examines the effects of the change strategies on judgmental and evaluative behavioral outcomes. The final set of experiments focuses on the outcomes of implicit bias change among members of stereotyped groups who have negative implicit biases related to their own group. Ultimately, this research will advance current understanding of the interplay of automatic and controlled processes by providing and testing a framework of implicit bias change.