EAGER: Allopolyploidy and photosynthesis: a whole-transcriptome approach

异源多倍性（杂交后的全基因组复制）是开花植物的重要物种形成机制;许多作物物种，包括大豆（Glycine max），都是多倍体。异源多倍性是已知的，导致结构和监管的变化，可以导致形态，生理和生态的新奇。有相当大的兴趣，以确定是否有新兴的属性（“规则”），可以负责这么多的异源多倍体的明显成功。甘氨酸是解决这个问题的一个很好的模型;在它的大约30个物种中，有一组8个最近形成的异源四倍体物种，它们将来自8个二倍体祖先的基因组以各种组合结合在一起。与所有仅限于澳大利亚的二倍体不同，八种异源多倍体中有五种已经在太平洋岛屿上定居，这表明它们比它们的祖先具有更大的生态广度。光保护-一套机制耗散潜在的有害多余的光能-是一个适应性重要的生理过程，可能有助于大豆异源多倍体的成功。我们使用的是“下一代”高通量测序方法（Illumina），以获得在正常光和高光胁迫条件下三种大豆异源多倍体物种及其二倍体祖细胞中基因表达的深度和详细谱，以评估哪些基因参与光保护，它们在二倍体和多倍体中如何被调节，两个二倍体祖先基因组对每个多倍体中数千个表达基因的贡献，以及在独立形成的异源多倍体中是否存在共同的基因表达模式，这些模式可以构成可预测的光保护“规则在大豆和其他开花植物的多倍体物种中。更广泛的影响包括加深我们对多倍体的理解，这一过程塑造了许多农业上重要的植物物种的基因组;该项目还将支持研究生的培训。

Allopolyploidy (whole genome duplication following hybridization) is an important speciation mechanism in flowering plants; many crop species, including soybean (Glycine max), are polyploids. Allopolyploidy is known to lead to structural and regulatory changes that can result in morphological, physiological, and ecological novelty. There is considerable interest in ascertaining whether there are emergent properties ('rules') that could be responsible for the apparent success of so many allopolyploids. Glycine is an excellent model for addressing this question; among its approximately 30 species is a group of eight recently formed allotetraploid species uniting genomes from eight diploid progenitors in various combinations. Unlike any of the diploids, which are all confined to Australia, five of the eight allopolyploids have colonized islands of the Pacific Ocean, suggesting that they have a greater ecological breadth than their progenitors. Photoprotection - a set of mechanisms for dissipating potentially damaging excess light energy - is an adaptively important physiological process that could contribute to the success of Glycine allopolyploids. We are using a "next generation," high-throughput sequencing method (Illumina) to obtain a deep and detailed profile of gene expression in three Glycine allopolyploid species and their diploid progenitors under normal light and high light stress conditions to assess which genes are involved in photoprotection, how they are regulated in diploids and polyploids, what the contribution of the two diploid progenitor genomes is at each of thousands of expressed genes in each polyploid, and whether there are shared patterns of gene expression in independently formed allopolyploids that could constitute predictable 'rules' governing photoprotection in polyploid species of Glycine and other flowering plants. Broader impacts include deepening our understanding of polyploidy, a process that has shaped the genomes of many agriculturally important plant species; the project will also support training of a graduate student.