COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Genomic consequences of recent and ancient allopolyploidy: a continuum of ages in Tragopogon (Asteraceae)

合作研究：近代和古代异源多倍体的基因组后果：角羚（菊科）的年龄连续体

• 批准号: 1145822
• 负责人: Patrick Schnable
• 金额: $ 21.9万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1145822&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Genomic; consequences; recent

Much of what is known about the evolutionary fate of genes following genome doubling (polyploidy) is based on several crops that are thousands of years old and synthetic polyploids that are only several generations old. This project will investigate the very surprising finding that homeologous genes are lost rapidly after polyploidization, rather than being silenced or other regulatory changes. They want to know if there are general rules about which genes or larger pieces of genomes are preferentially lost. This is important because previous findings were from synthetic polyploids and recent natural polyploids (100 years). The plant genus Tragopogon (goatsbeard, in the sunflower family) provides a unique opportunity to investigate changes that occur following polyploidy in nature across a range of ages. Tragopogon contains diploids, natural polyploids that are only 60-80 years old, synthetic polyploids, and older Eurasian polyploids. This study will investigate an older (0.8 -2.8 million years ago, mya) natural polyploid for comparison with the recently formed polyploids; it also extends to an ancient polyploidy event (30 mya) early in the history of the sunflower family. Genome doubling (polyploidy) has generated much of the diversity of life. All vertebrates and flowering plants experienced at least one episode of ancient polyploidy, and many crops are polyploids. Hence, elucidating the consequences of polyploidy will enhance our understanding of the diversification of life and provide fundamental knowledge about crop genomes. Results will provide important insights into the processes that generated much of life and most crops. In addition, the project will train undergraduate and graduate students, and a post-doctoral scholar, as well as including outreach activities to the general public.

许多关于基因组加倍（多倍体）后基因进化命运的知识都是基于几种几千年前的作物和几代人的合成多倍体。该项目将调查非常令人惊讶的发现，即同源异型基因在多倍化后迅速丢失，而不是沉默或其他调控变化。他们想知道是否存在关于哪些基因或较大的基因组片段优先丢失的一般规则。这一点很重要，因为以前的发现来自合成多倍体和最近的天然多倍体（100年）。植物属Tragopogon（山羊胡子，在向日葵家族）提供了一个独特的机会，调查发生在自然界中的多倍性在一系列年龄的变化。Tragopogon包含二倍体，只有60-80岁的天然多倍体，合成多倍体和更古老的欧亚多倍体。这项研究将调查一个更古老的（0.8 - 2.8百万年前，百万年）自然多倍体与最近形成的多倍体进行比较;它也延伸到一个古老的多倍体事件（30百万年）在向日葵家族的历史早期。基因组加倍（多倍体）产生了许多生命的多样性。所有的脊椎动物和开花植物都经历过至少一次古代多倍体，许多作物都是多倍体。因此，阐明多倍体的后果将提高我们对生命多样性的理解，并提供有关作物基因组的基础知识。结果将为大部分生命和大多数农作物的产生过程提供重要的见解。此外，该项目还将培训本科生和研究生以及一名博士后学者，并包括面向公众的外联活动。